0001564590-22-007651 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 413,743	$ 241,221
Accounts receivable, net	137,561	117,878
Income tax receivable	9,388	6,736
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	27,529	21,100
Total current assets	588,221	386,935
Property and equipment, net	40,478	36,332
Operating lease right of use assets	28,494	33,526
Goodwill	370,178	264,481
Other intangible assets, net	99,057	76,114
Deferred tax assets	8,495	7,125
Other long-term assets	28,352	25,389
TOTAL ASSETS	1,163,275	829,902
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Current portion of long-term debt		29,962
Accounts payable	6,647	8,594
Accrued compensation and benefits	42,307	34,772
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	9,933	10,331
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	122,226	31,404
Deferred revenue	93,160	85,691
Convertible senior notes, net	199,705
Total current liabilities	473,978	200,754
Convertible senior notes, net		188,300
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	19,550	24,323
Deferred revenue, non-current	12,872	9,388
Other long-term liabilities	42,894	27,767
TOTAL LIABILITIES	549,294	450,532
Commitments and contingencies
MEZZANINE EQUITY	784	784
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock ($0.0001 par value), authorized 45,000 shares, none issued or outstanding
Additional paid-in capital	724,226	474,669
Accumulated deficit	(102,087)	(93,293)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(8,950)	(2,797)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	613,197	378,586
TOTAL LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	1,163,275	829,902
Class A Common Stock [Member]
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock	5	4
Class B Common Stock [Member]
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock	$ 3	$ 3

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	45,000,000	45,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	513,796,572	513,797,000
Common stock, shares issued	51,524,000	44,216,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	51,524,000	44,216,000
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	41,203,428	41,203,000
Common stock, shares issued	27,745,000	30,111,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	27,745,000	30,111,000

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Total revenue	$ 532,179	$ 469,921	$ 458,915
Total cost of revenue	129,666	121,305	132,599
Gross profit	402,513	348,616	326,316
Operating expenses
Research and development	151,049	126,081	117,510
Sales and marketing	132,750	111,440	106,051
General and administrative	91,500	86,432	82,178
Amortization of intangible assets	18,357	16,376	14,442
Other operating income	(3,482)	(3,426)	(2,072)
Total operating expenses	390,174	336,903	318,109
Operating income	12,339	11,713	8,207
Interest expense	12,065	11,598	6,371
Other expense (income), net	(562)	1,917	1,552
(Loss) income before income taxes	(288)	2,032	3,388
Income tax expense	8,506	12,532	10,930
Net loss	$ (8,794)	$ (10,500)	$ (7,542)
Loss per share:
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$ (0.12)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.11)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted	76,179	73,241	71,544
Total Software and Related Services [Member]
Total revenue	$ 485,569	$ 418,165	$ 401,278
Total cost of revenue	90,996	79,568	85,326
License [Member]
Total revenue	324,808	259,965	244,321
Total cost of revenue	19,929	19,637	21,285
Maintenance and Other Services [Member]
Total revenue	128,938	131,746	122,381
Total cost of revenue	47,862	38,688	38,401
Total Software [Member]
Total revenue	453,746	391,711	366,702
Total cost of revenue	67,791	58,325	59,686
Software Related Services [Member]
Total revenue	31,823	26,454	34,576
Total cost of revenue	23,205	21,243	25,640
Client Engineering Services [Member]
Total revenue	39,282	44,320	48,987
Total cost of revenue	31,710	35,684	39,875
Other [Member]
Total revenue	7,328	7,436	8,650
Total cost of revenue	$ 6,960	$ 6,053	$ 7,398

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (8,794)	$ (10,500)	$ (7,542)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation (net of tax effect of $0 for all periods)	(7,254)	7,782	1,895
Retirement related benefit plans (net of tax effect of $(296), $308 and $(16), respectively)	1,101	(1,051)	(133)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(6,153)	6,731	1,762
Comprehensive loss	$ (14,947)	$ (3,769)	$ (5,780)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation, tax effect	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Retirement related benefit plans, tax effect	$ (296)	$ 308	$ (16)

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Common Stock [Member] Class A Common Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member] Class B Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member] Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 293,686		$ 4	$ 3	$ 379,832	$ (74,863)		$ (11,290)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018			38,349	32,171
Net loss	(7,542)					(7,542)
Equity component of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs	50,009				50,009
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions	7,637				7,637
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions (in shares)			250
Exercise of stock options and other	1,510				1,510
Exercise of stock options and other (in shares)			1,571
Vesting of restricted stock			$ 61
Conversion from Class B to Class A common stock			1,040	(1,040)
Stock-based compensation	7,645				7,645
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	1,895							1,895
Retirement related benefit plans, net of tax	(133)							(133)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2019	354,707	$ (388)	$ 4	$ 3	446,633	(82,405)	$ (388)	(9,528)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			41,271	31,131
Net loss	(10,500)					(10,500)
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions	3,504				3,504
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions (in shares)			230
Exercise of stock options	1,710				1,710
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			1,472
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)			223
Conversion from Class B to Class A common stock			1,020	(1,020)
Stock-based compensation	21,254				21,254
Reclassification of mezzanine equity to permanent equity	1,568				1,568
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	7,782							7,782
Retirement related benefit plans, net of tax	(1,051)							(1,051)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020	378,586		$ 4	$ 3	474,669	(93,293)		(2,797)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020			44,216	30,111
Net loss	(8,794)					(8,794)
Issuance of common stock in private placement, net of issuance costs	199,872		$ 1		199,871
Issuance of common stock in private placement, net of issuance costs (in shares)			2,936
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions	3,690				3,690
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions (in shares)			155
Exercise of stock options	2,262				2,262
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			1,478
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)			373
Conversion from Class B to Class A common stock			2,366	(2,366)
Stock-based compensation	43,734				43,734
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	(7,254)							(7,254)
Retirement related benefit plans, net of tax	1,101							1,101
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 613,197		$ 5	$ 3	$ 724,226	$ (102,087)		$ (8,950)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			51,524	27,745

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (8,794)	$ (10,500)	$ (7,542)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	25,644	23,806	21,522
Provision for credit loss	514	1,259	671
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	11,428	10,829	5,663
Stock-based compensation expense	44,549	21,355	8,528
Deferred income taxes	(1,502)	(10,350)	(950)
Other, net	757	118	6
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(15,645)	(11,032)	(7,901)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(9,026)	(2,131)	(2,396)
Other long-term assets	(6,682)	(4,527)	(2,591)
Accounts payable	(3,857)	(1,839)	(426)
Accrued compensation and benefits	7,761	1,985	(1,232)
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	6,365	5,629	615
Deferred revenue	10,111	8,280	17,426
Net cash provided by operating activities	61,623	32,882	31,393
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Payments for acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(53,983)	(41,028)	(25,720)
Capital expenditures	(7,849)	(6,093)	(9,660)
Payments for acquisition of developed technology	(344)	(2,133)	(473)
Other investing activities, net	(306)	162	14
Net cash used in investing activities	(62,482)	(49,092)	(35,839)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from private placement of common stock	200,000
Payments on revolving commitment	(30,000)		(127,941)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan contributions	4,222
Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options	2,262	1,710	1,510
Borrowings under revolving commitment		30,000	96,992
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of underwriters' discounts and commissions			223,101
Payments for issuance costs of convertible senior notes			(1,233)
Other financing activities	(537)	(460)	(513)
Net cash provided by financing activities	175,947	31,250	191,916
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(2,623)	3,010	342
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	172,465	18,050	187,812
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	241,547	223,497	35,685
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	414,012	241,547	223,497
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow:
Interest paid	633	731	664
Income taxes paid	9,168	12,666	7,686
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisitions	3,690	3,504	7,637
Promissory notes issued and deferred payment obligations for acquisitions	86,936	1,266	497
Finance leases	9	118	632
Property and equipment in accounts payable and other current liabilities	$ 1,056	$ 1,671	$ 259

Description of Business

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business

1. Description of business

Altair Engineering Inc. (“Altair” or the “Company”) is incorporated in the state of Delaware. The Company is a global leader in computational science and artificial intelligence enabling organizations across broad industry segments to drive smarter decisions in an increasingly connected world. Altair deliver’s software and cloud solutions in the areas of simulation, high-performance computing (“HPC”), data analytics, and artificial intelligence (“AI”). Altair’s products and services help create a more sustainable future for the planet. The Company is based in Troy, Michigan.

The Company’s simulation and AI-driven approach to innovation is powered by the Company’s broad portfolio of high-fidelity and high-performance physics solvers, our market leading technology for optimization and HPC, and our end-to-end platform for developing AI and Internet of Things (“IoT”) solutions. The Company’s integrated suite of software optimizes design performance across multiple disciplines encompassing structures, motion, fluids, thermal management, electromagnetics, system modeling, and embedded systems, while also providing AI solutions and true-to-life visualization and rendering.

Altair’s software products represent a comprehensive, open architecture solution for simulation, HPC, data analytics, and AI to empower decision making for improved product design and development, manufacturing, energy management and exploration, financial services, health care, and retail operations. Altair believes its products offer a comprehensive set of technologies to design and optimize high-performance, efficient, innovative and sustainable products and processes.

Altair also provides Client Engineering Services to support its customers with long-term ongoing product design and development expertise. This has the benefit of embedding the Company within customers, deepening its understanding of their processes, and allowing the Company to more quickly perceive trends in the overall market, helping the Company to better tailor its software products’ research and development and sales initiatives. The Company hires engineers and data scientists for placement at a customer site for specific customer-directed assignments.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. Third-party holdings of equity interests in the Company’s subsidiaries that are less than controlled represent noncontrolling interests. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its significant estimates including the stand alone selling price, or SSP, for each distinct performance obligation included in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations, the incremental borrowing rate used in the valuation of lease liabilities, fair value of convertible senior notes, provision for doubtful accounts, tax valuation allowances, liabilities for uncertain tax provisions, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, retirement obligations, useful lives of intangible assets, revenue for fixed price contracts, valuation of common stock, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign currency translation

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is their respective local currency. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Equity balances and transactions are translated using historical exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity.

All assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency with gains and losses recognized in foreign currency losses, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has no transactions which hedge purchase commitments and no intercompany balances which are designated as being of a long-term investment in nature.

Revenue recognition

Software revenue

Revenue is derived principally from the licensing of software products and from related maintenance contracts. The Company enters into contracts that include combinations of products, maintenance and services, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns.

Revenue from term-based software licenses is classified as software revenue. Term-based licenses are sold only as a bundled arrangement that includes the rights to a term-based software license and post-contract customer support (PCS), which includes unspecified technical enhancements and customer support. Maximizing the use of observable inputs, the Company determined that a majority of the estimated standalone selling prices of the term-based license is attributable to the term-based license and a minority is attributable to the PCS. The license component is classified as license revenue and recognized as revenue upon the later of delivery of the licensed product or the beginning of the license period. PCS is classified as maintenance and other services and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company provides the PCS benefit over time as a stand ready to perform obligation.

In addition to term-based software licenses, the Company sells perpetual licenses. Software revenue is recognized upon the later of delivery of the licensed product or the beginning of the license period. Typically, the Company’s perpetual licenses are sold with PCS. The Company allocates value in bundled perpetual and PCS arrangements based on the value relationship between the software license and maintenance. Revenue from PCS is classified as maintenance and other services and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company satisfies the PCS performance obligation over time as a stand ready to perform obligation.

Revenue from training, consulting and other services is recognized as the services are performed, and is classified as maintenance and other services in the consolidated statement of operations. For contracts in which the service consists of a single performance obligation, such as providing a training class to a customer, the Company recognizes revenue upon completion of the performance obligation. For service contracts that are longer in duration and often include multiple performance obligations (for example, point-in-time training and consulting), the Company measures the progress toward completion of the obligations and recognizes revenue accordingly. In measuring progress towards the completion of performance obligations, the Company typically utilizes output-based estimates for services with fixed fee arrangements, and estimates output based on the total tasks completed as compared to the total tasks required for each contract. Input-based estimates are utilized for services that involve general consultations with contractual billing arrangements based on time and materials, utilizing direct labor as the input measure.

The Company also executes arrangements through indirect channel partners in which the channel partners are authorized to market and distribute the Company's software products to end users of the Company's products and services in specified territories. In sales facilitated by channel partners, the channel partner bears the risk of collection from the end-user customer. The Company recognizes revenue from transactions with channel partners in a manner consistent with the direct sales described above for both perpetual and term-based licenses. Revenue from channel partner transactions is the amount remitted to the Company by the channel partners. This amount includes a fee for PCS that is compensation for providing technical enhancements and the second level of technical support to the end user, which is recognized over the period that PCS is to be provided. The Company does not offer right of return, product rotation, or price protection to any of its channel partners.

Non-income related taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as accounts receivable, net and other accrued expenses and current liabilities. These amounts are reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of operations and do not impact reported revenues or expenses. Certain hardware revenue is included within software revenue and is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria stated above are met, which is generally when the products are delivered to end customers.

Software related services

Consulting services from product design and development projects are considered distinct performance obligations and are provided to customers on a time-and-materials (“T&M”) or fixed-price basis. The Company recognizes software services revenue for T&M contracts based upon hours worked and contractually agreed upon hourly rates using the input method. Revenue from fixed-price engagements is recognized using the output method based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated project costs.

Client engineering services

Client engineering services revenue are derived from professional services for staffing primarily representing engineers and data scientists located at a customer site. These professional services are considered distinct performance obligations and are provided to customers on a T&M basis. The Company recognizes this revenue for T&M contracts based upon hours worked and contractually agreed upon hourly rates using the input method.

Other

Other revenue includes product revenue from the sale of LED products primarily for the replacement of fluorescent tubes. Revenue from the sale of LED products is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria stated above are met, which is generally when the products are delivered to resellers or to end customers. Sales returns, which reduce revenue, are estimated using historical experience.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Equipment held under capital leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments less accumulated amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense in the period incurred. Major expenditures for betterments are capitalized when they meet the criteria for capitalization. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations in the period realized.

Building and improvements is depreciated over an estimated useful life of five to thirty-nine years. Computer equipment and software is depreciated over an estimated useful life of three to five years. Office furniture and equipment is depreciated over an estimated useful life of five to fifteen years. Leasehold improvements and assets acquired under capital leases are amortized over the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset or improvement, whichever is shorter.

Software development costs

Software development costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are expensed as incurred. Technological feasibility is established upon the completion of a detailed program design. Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and ends when the product is available for general release. Generally, the time between the establishment of technological feasibility and commercial release of software is short. As such, all internal software development costs have been expensed as incurred and included in research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, and definite-lived intangible assets, including developed technology and customer relationships, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company compares the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models and third-party independent appraisals. No impairment losses were recognized in 2021, 2020, or 2019.

Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred for an acquired entity over the estimated fair values of the net tangible assets and the identifiable assets acquired. As described in Note 4 – Acquisitions, the Company has recorded goodwill in connection with certain acquisitions. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

The Company has determined that there is one reporting unit with goodwill subject to goodwill impairment testing. An entity has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount prior to performing the quantitative two-step impairment test.

The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount prior to performing the

quantitative two-step impairment test. The qualitative assessment evaluates various events and circumstances, such as macro-economic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, relevant events and financial trends that may impact a reporting unit’s fair value. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test.

The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment dates. For 2021, the Company performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit with goodwill was less than the carrying amounts. Accordingly, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired.

The Company performs its annual impairment review of indefinite-lived intangibles in the fourth quarter of each year and when a triggering event occurs between annual reporting dates. In 2021, the Company performed a qualitative assessment of indefinite-lived trade names and determined there was no indication of impairment. Accordingly, no impairment charges were recognized in 2021 .

Receivable for R&D credit

The French government provides a research and development (“R&D”) tax credit known as Credit Impôt Recherche, or CIR, in order to encourage Companies to invest in R&D. The tax credit is deductible from the French income tax and any excess is carried forward for three years. After three years, any unused credit may be reimbursed to the Company by the French government. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $12.0 million receivables from the French government related to CIR, of which $3.5 million is recorded in income tax receivable and the remaining $8.5 million is recorded in other long-term assets. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $13.2 million receivables from the French government related to CIR, of which $3.2 million was recorded in income tax receivable and the remaining $10.0 million was recorded in other long-term assets. CIR is subject to customary audit by the French tax authorities.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent it believes that these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which increase the provision for income taxes. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing and reversal of existing temporary differences, ability to carryback losses, and tax planning strategies. If based upon the evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. A valuation allowance is recognized to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that management believes is more likely than not to be realized.

The Company applies a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to its accounting for tax uncertainties. The Company reviews all of its tax positions and makes determinations as to whether its tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. Only those benefits that have a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities are recognized. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recorded in the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits of research and development employees and costs incurred related to the development of new software products and significant enhancements and engineering changes to existing software products.

Advertising costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were $4.3 million, $4.0 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Mezzanine equity

In 2017, the Company issued 200,000 shares of Class A common stock to a third-party as partial consideration for the purchase of developed technology. These shares have a put right that can be exercised by the holder five years from date of purchase at $12.50 per share that requires the shares to be recorded at fair value and classified as mezzanine equity in the consolidated balance sheet. The put right option is terminated if the shareholders sell their shares. As of December 31, 2017, the Company concluded that it is no longer probable that the put option will be exercised as the put value is substantially below market value and subsequent adjustment is not required.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the third-party holder sold 133,336 shares on the open market and as a result, the issuance value of those shares was reclassified into permanent equity from mezzanine equity. As of December 31, 2021, the remaining 66,664 shares continue to be classified as mezzanine equity until one of the following three events take place: (1) the shares are sold on the open market; (2) a redemption feature lapses; or (3) there is a modification of the terms of the instrument.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, current portion of long-term debt, and long-term debt, net of current portion on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not receive any lease concessions related to COVID-19 that had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Stock-based compensation

Employee stock-based awards, consisting of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) shares expected to be settled by issuing shares of Class A common stock, are recorded as equity awards. The fair value of stock options and ESPP shares on the date of grant is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company expenses the grant date fair value of its time-vested stock options subject to graded vesting using the straight-line method over the applicable service period. The Company expenses the fair value of ESPP shares over the offering period. The fair value of RSUs is measured using the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of RSUs is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally four years.

Business combinations

The Company accounts for business acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting. The fair value of purchase consideration of the acquired businesses is allocated to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations.

Recent accounting guidance

Accounting standards adopted

Income Taxes – In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles for income taxes. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 effective as of January 1, 2021, and the adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Business Combinations – In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. This ASU requires an acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2021-08 on prospective basis, effective January 1, 2021. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards not yet adopted

Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04. Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another rate that is expected to be discontinued. The amendments in the guidance are optional and effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Debt – In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating certain separation models. Under ASU 2020-06, a convertible debt instrument will generally be reported as a single liability at its amortized cost with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The update also requires the if-converted method to be used for convertible instruments and the effect of potential share settlement be included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when an instrument may be settled in cash or shares. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance allows entities to use a modified or full retrospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 and is currently evaluating the effect of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and earnings per share attributable to common stockholders.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

3. Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue recognition

Software revenue

Software related services revenue

Client engineering services and Other revenue

Significant judgments

Software revenue

The Company’s contracts with customers typically include promises to transfer licenses and services to a customer. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations within the context of the arrangement, and if so, the allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation. The Company’s determination of standalone selling price for performance obligations is based on the midpoint of the range of historical observable prices for goods and services sold separately. In addition, the Company estimates the standalone selling price for certain performance obligations where observable prices are not directly available, or a significant portion of historical prices are not within the range. In instances where standalone selling price was not determined based on the range of historical observable prices for goods and services sold separately, the Company used an adjusted market assessment approach to estimate the standalone selling price. In such cases the Company has considered market conditions and other observable inputs, such as internal price lists, peer data, and industry data for a similar or identical product. The Company estimates standalone selling price at contract inception considering all information that is reasonably available and is based on the amount of consideration for which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised good or service to the customer. The corresponding revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied.

The Company’s contracts do not include a significant financing component requiring adjustment to the transaction price. Payment terms vary by contract type; however, arrangements typically stipulate a requirement for the customer to pay within 30 to 60 days.

The Company rarely enters into agreements to modify previously executed contracts, which constitute contract modifications. The Company assesses each of these contract modifications to determine (i) if the additional products and services are distinct from the products and services in the original arrangement; and (ii) if the amount of consideration expected for the added products and services reflects the stand-alone selling price of those products and services, as adjusted for contract-specific circumstances. A contract modification meeting both criteria is accounted for as a separate contract. A contract modification not meeting both criteria is considered a change to the original contract and is accounted for on either (i) a prospective basis as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract; or (ii) a cumulative catch-up basis. Generally, the Company’s contract modifications meet both criteria and are accounted for as a separate contract, as adjusted for contract-specific circumstances.

Disaggregation of revenue

The Company disaggregates its revenue by type of performance obligation and timing of revenue recognition as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Term licenses and other ⁽¹⁾	$	283,226	$	224,472	$	201,881
Perpetual licenses		41,582		35,493		42,440
Maintenance		122,733		117,159		103,699
Professional software services⁽¹⁾		6,205		14,587		18,682
Software related services		31,823		26,454		34,576
Client engineering services		39,282		44,320		48,987
Other		7,328		7,436		8,650
Total revenue	$	532,179	$	469,921	$	458,915

(1)

Term licenses and other includes hardware revenue of $9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, and was reported in License revenue. Professional software services includes hardware revenue of $10 million and $12 million for the years ended December 31 2020 and 2019, respectively, and was reported in Maintenance and other services revenue.

The Company derived approximately 12.0%, 11.2% and 9.8% of its total revenue through indirect sales channels for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Costs to obtain a contract

The Company pays commissions for new software product and PCS sales as well as for renewals of existing software and PCS contracts. Commissions paid to obtain renewal contracts are not commensurate with the commissions paid for new product sales and therefore, a portion of the commissions paid for new contracts relate to future renewals.

The Company accounts for new product sales commissions using a portfolio approach and allocates the cost of commissions in proportion to the allocation of the transaction price of license and PCS performance obligations. Commissions allocated to the license and license renewal components are expensed at the time the license revenue is recognized. Commissions allocated to PCS are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of four years, reflecting the Company’s estimate of the expected period that it will benefit from those commissions. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, capitalized costs to obtain a contract were $4.5 million and $3.7 million recorded in Prepaid and other current assets and $0.4 million and $0.6 million recorded in Other long-term assets. Sales commissions were $7.3 million and $5.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and were included in sales and marketing expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

Contract assets

As of December 31, 2021, contract assets were $3.8 million included in Accounts receivable and $2.3 million included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets. As of December 31, 2020, contract assets were $6.7 million included in Accounts receivable, $1.4 million included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, and $1.3 million included in Other long-term assets.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from software license, PCS and professional services agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to customers. Payment terms vary by the type and location of customer and the products or services offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. The Company generally invoices its customers annually for the forthcoming year of software licenses, and more frequently for other products and services. Accordingly, the Company’s deferred revenue balance does not include revenue for future years of multiple year non-cancellable contracts that have not yet been billed.

Approximately $78.0 million of revenue recognized during 2021 was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the year.

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted revenue not yet recognized was $146.4 million and $131.4 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, Of the amount recorded as of December 31, 2021, the Company expects to recognize approximately 80% over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
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-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Business Combination And Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

4. Acquisitions

World Programming

In December 2021, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of two related privately held companies, World Programming Limited and December 2015 Software Limited (together “World Programming”), from the stockholders named therein, for preliminary aggregate consideration of $70.3 million. The closing consideration of $70.3 million consisted of cash in the amount of $50.0 million, subject to a customary working capital adjustment and an aggregate of $20.3 million of contingent consideration, consisting of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (the “Stock Consideration”). The dates on which the Stock Consideration is issuable and the number of shares issuable on such dates depend primarily on certain aspects of legal proceedings in which World Programming and SAS Institute, Inc. are engaged. For further information on the legal proceedings see Note 16.

In addition, per the stock purchase agreement, $29.5 million worth of Class A Common Stock will be issued subject to the continuing employment of certain key employees and are not reflected in aggregate consideration but will be recognized as stock-based compensation over the employment period. For further information on the stock-based compensation see Note 11.

World Programming is an enterprise software company based in the UK with a global customer base and focused on data analytics for financial services, insurance, manufacturing, life sciences, energy, consumer products, and retail applications. World Programming’s platform supports development and execution of multi-language software solutions leveraging popular languages used in data science including Python, R, and the SAS language in a single program.

The Company expects this acquisition to be accretive to its software business, broaden its market opportunities, and contribute to long-term growth goals.

The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting, which results in acquired assets and assumed liabilities being measured at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase consideration transferred to acquire World Programming and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):

Fair value of consideration transferred	$	70,340
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	1,895
Accounts receivable		6,685
Other assets		1,636
Property and equipment		2,209
Trade names (4-year life)		300
Developed technology (5-year life)		30,500
Customer relationships (7-year life)		8,000
SAS legal liability		(66,596	)
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(3,574	)
Deferred revenue		(2,737	)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves		(9,893	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		(31,575	)
Goodwill ⁽¹⁾	$	101,915

(1)	Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

The preliminary estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and identifiable intangible assets may be subject to change as additional information is received. The valuation was complex due to the significant estimation uncertainty in certain assumptions used to determine the fair value of intangible assets acquired and contingent consideration. The primary areas that remain preliminary relate to the fair value of intangible assets acquired, certain tangible assets and liabilities acquired, contingent consideration, income taxes and residual goodwill. The Company expects to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.

The Company did not incur any material acquisition costs in connection with the acquisition of World Programming. The financial results of World Programming have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date.

Univa

In September 2020, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock and equity interests of Univa Corporation (“Univa”) for aggregate consideration of $30.2 million. The allocation of fair value of purchase consideration was finalized in 2021, and there were no material changes to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as previously reported.

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase consideration transferred to acquire Univa and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):

Fair value of consideration transferred	$	30,184
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash		193
Accounts receivable		956
Other assets		164
Trade names (4-year life)		200
Developed technology (6-year life)		9,000
Customer relationships (7-year life)		4,800
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(891	)
Deferred revenue		(874	)
Deferred tax liabilities		(1,100	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		12,448
Goodwill⁽¹⁾	$	17,736

(1)	Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

Other business acquisitions

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company completed other business acquisitions that were individually insignificant to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company has accounted for all acquisitions using the acquisition method. The operating results of each acquisition have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the respective dates of acquisition. All goodwill in recorded in the Software segment. The Company’s transaction costs related to these acquisitions was not material.

In addition to the World Programming acquisition, the Company completed another acquisition in 2021. The aggregate purchase price of fair value of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, goodwill and other intangible assets of the acquisition was not material. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

The aggregate purchase price of the 2020 acquisitions, excluding Univa, was $16.9 million and was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values. The allocation included $6.2 million to developed technology, $2.2 million to customer relationships and $8.2 million to goodwill, and approximately $0.7 million was deductible for tax purposes.

Supplementary Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Supplementary Information [Abstract]

Supplementary Information

5. Supplementary Information

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Restricted cash is included in Other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	413,743	$	241,221
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets		269		326
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	414,012	$	241,547

Restricted cash represents amounts required for a contractual agreement with an insurer for the payment of potential health insurance claims, and term deposits for bank guarantees.

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Accounts receivable, trade	$	133,717	$	111,162
Contract assets		3,844		6,716
Accounts receivable, net	$	137,561	$	117,878

A provision for expected credit losses for groups of billed and unbilled receivables and contract assets that share similar risk characteristics is recorded based on an evaluation of historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accounts are written off when it becomes apparent that such amounts will not be collected, generally when amounts are past due by greater than one year. Generally, the Company does not require collateral or charge interest on accounts receivable. Accounts receivable were reported net of a provision for credit loss of $2.5 million and $2.6 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Activity in the provision for credit loss was as follows (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Balance, beginning of year	$	(2,559	)	$	(1,415	)	$	(1,150	)
Adoption of ASC 326 on beginning allowance		—			(388	)		—
Provision charged to expense		(514	)		(1,259	)		(671	)
Write-off, net of recoveries		500			563			413
Effects of foreign currency translation		34			(60	)		(7	)
Balance, end of year	$	(2,539	)	$	(2,559	)	$	(1,415	)

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Estimated			December 31,
	useful lives			2021		2020
Land	Indefinite			$	9,888	$	10,067
Building and improvements	5-39 years				18,358		15,630
Computer equipment and software	3-5 years				45,027		41,451
Office furniture and equipment	5-15 years				12,947		10,136
Leasehold improvements		(1	)		9,829		9,652
Right of use assets under finance leases		(1	)		2,532		2,665
Total property and equipment					98,581		89,601
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization					58,103		53,269
Property and equipment, net				$	40,478	$	36,332

(1)	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life, generally ranging from five to ten years.

Depreciation expense, including amortization of right of use assets under finance leases, was $7.3 million, $7.4 million and $7.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Other liabilities

The following table provides the details of other accrued expenses and current liabilities (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Obligations related to acquisition of businesses	$	87,636	$	1,957
Accrued VAT		6,047		6,604
Income taxes payable		5,887		7,250
Employee stock purchase plan obligations		4,222		—
Accrued professional fees		3,516		3,156
Accrued royalties		2,537		2,009
Non-income tax liabilities		1,653		1,366
Defined contribution plan liabilities		1,513		1,660
Billings in excess of cost		1,459		1,108
Other current liabilities		7,756		6,294
Total	$	122,226	$	31,404

The following table provides the details of other long-term liabilities (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Deferred tax liabilities	$	15,389	$	8,028
Pension and other post retirement liabilities		15,086		14,497
Other liabilities		12,419		5,242
Total	$	42,894	$	27,767

Private placement financing

In September 2021, the Company issued 2,935,564 shares of its Class A common stock in a private placement to Matrix Capital Management Company LP, for aggregate proceeds of $200.0 million. Per the terms of the agreement, the shares are subject to a one-year lockup period.

The Company expects to use the proceeds for general corporate purposes.

The securities issued in the private placement have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or any state or other applicable jurisdiction’s securities laws, and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and applicable state or other jurisdictions’ securities laws. The Company has agreed to have a registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) registering the resale of the shares of common stock issued in the private placement declared or deemed effective by the SEC no later than the one-year anniversary after the closing of the private placement.

Restructuring expense

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company initiated a restructuring plan to realign resources with the Company’s current business outlook and cost structure. The restructuring plan resulted in charges for employee termination benefits of $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. There are no remaining costs as of December 31, 2021, and all amounts were paid in 2021. The restructuring costs were attributable primarily to the Software reportable segment.

Restructuring expense was recorded as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2021
Cost of revenue - software	$	1,025
Research and development		1,721
Sales and marketing		1,836
General and administrative		471
Total restructuring expense	$	5,053

Other expense (income), net

Other expense (income), net consists of the following (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Foreign exchange loss (gain)	$	1,103		$	(787	)	$	745
Other		(541	)		(1,130	)		(2,297	)
Other expense (income), net	$	562		$	(1,917	)	$	(1,552	)

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

6. Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, which is attributable to the Software reportable segment, are as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	233,683
Acquisitions		25,932
Effects of foreign currency translation and other		4,866
Balance as of December 31, 2020		264,481
Acquisitions		108,772
Effects of foreign currency translation and other		(3,075	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	370,178

Other intangible assets

A summary of other intangible assets is shown below (in thousands):

	December 31, 2021
	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology	4-6 years	$	110,891	$	49,672	$	61,219
Customer relationships	7-10 years		48,277		21,859		26,418
Other intangibles	4-10 years		647		127		520
Total definite-lived intangible assets			159,815		71,658		88,157
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names			10,900				10,900
Total other intangible assets		$	170,715	$	71,658	$	99,057

	December 31, 2020
	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology	4-6 years	$	78,841	$	37,651	$	41,190
Customer relationships	7-10 years		40,207		16,673		23,534
Other intangibles	4-10 years		344		84		260
Total definite-lived intangible assets			119,392		54,408		64,984
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names			11,130				11,130
Total other intangible assets		$	130,522	$	54,408	$	76,114

Amortization expense related to amortizing intangible assets was $18.4 million, $16.4 million and $14.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for the next five years as of December 31, 2021, is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending
December 31, 2022	$	23,164
December 31, 2023		21,472
December 31, 2024		18,881
December 31, 2025		12,479
December 31, 2026		9,910
Thereafter		2,251
Total	$	88,157

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

7. Debt

Convertible senior notes

In June 2019, the Company issued $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.25% convertible senior notes due in 2024 (the "Convertible Notes"), which includes the underwriters’ exercise in full of their option to purchase an additional $30.0 million principal amount of the Convertible Notes, in a public offering. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes were $221.9 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and issuance costs.

The Company entered into a First Supplemental Indenture relating to the issuance by the Company of the Convertible Notes (the “Supplemental Indenture”) supplementing the Indenture, dated June 10, 2019 (the “Base Indenture,” and together with the Supplemental Indenture, the “Indenture”), by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Indenture includes customary covenants and sets forth certain events of default after which the Convertible Notes may be declared immediately due and payable and sets forth certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency events of default involving the Company after which the Convertible Notes become automatically due and payable. The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company.

The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.25% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing December 1, 2019. The Convertible Notes will mature on June 1, 2024, unless, earlier repurchased or redeemed by the Company or converted pursuant to their terms.

The Convertible Notes have an initial conversion rate of 21.5049 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $46.50 per share of its Class A common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the Indenture but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, upon the occurrence of a make whole fundamental change or a redemption period (each as defined in the Indenture), the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a specified number of additional shares for a holder who elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such make whole fundamental change or during the relevant redemption period.

Holders of the Convertible Notes may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at any time prior to the close of business on December 1, 2023, in integral multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances:

•

During any calendar quarter, if the last reported sale price of the Class A Common Stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

•

During the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Class A Common Stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

•

If the Company calls any or all of the Convertible Notes for redemption (which the Company may not do prior to June 6, 2022), at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

•

Upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

On or after December 1, 2023 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their Convertible Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company may satisfy its conversion obligation by paying and/or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of Class A Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Class A Common Stock, at the Company’s election, in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the Indenture. The Company intends to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Notes in cash and the conversion spread in shares.

For more than twenty trading days during the thirty consecutive trading days ended December 31, 2021, the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the Convertible Notes. As a result, the Convertible Notes were convertible at the option of the holders and remained classified as current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. As of the date of this filing, none of the holders of the Convertible Notes have submitted requests for conversion.

The Company may settle the Convertible Notes in cash, shares of Class A Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Class A Common Stock, at the Company’s election. The Company intends to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Notes in cash and the conversion spread in shares. As of December 31, 2021, the “if-converted value” exceeded the principal amount of the Convertible Notes by $111.1 million.

The Company accounts for the Convertible Notes as separate liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component of the Convertible Notes was calculated by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that did not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Notes. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount, or the debt discount, is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method. The $51.8 million difference between the gross proceeds received from issuance of the Convertible Notes of $230.0 million and the estimated fair value of the liability component of $178.2 million, represents the equity component that was recorded in additional paid-in capital. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

The Company allocated issuance costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Notes to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the initial carrying value of the Convertible Notes. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Convertible Notes. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component are included with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

The net carrying value of the liability component of the Convertible Notes was as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Principal	$	230,000	$	230,000
Less: unamortized debt discount		27,022		37,190
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		3,273		4,510
Net carrying amount	$	199,705	$	188,300

The net carrying value of the equity component of the Convertible Notes was $50.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The interest expense related to the Convertible Notes was as follows (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Contractual interest expense	$	575	$	575	$	313
Amortization of debt issuance cost and discount		11,405		10,806		5,635
Total	$	11,980	$	11,381	$	5,948

Credit agreement

Revolving credit facility

The Company has a $150.0 million credit agreement with a maturity date of December 15, 2023 (“2019 Amended Credit Agreement”). The 2019 Amended Credit Agreement provides for an accordion feature that allows the Company to expand the size of the revolving line of credit by an additional $50.0 million, subject to certain conditions, by obtaining additional commitments from the existing lenders or by causing a person acceptable to the administrative agent to become a lender (in each case subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement).

As of December 31, 2021, there were no outstanding borrowings under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement and there was $150.0 million available for future borrowing at that time. In January 2021, the Company repaid the $30.0 million borrowing outstanding as of December 31, 2020. The 2019 Amended Credit Agreement is available for general corporate purposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, and permitted acquisitions.

Borrowings under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an agreed upon applicable margin plus, at the Company’s option, either the Alternate Base Rate (defined as the greatest of (1) the Prime Rate (as defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement) in effect on such day, (2) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement) in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1.00% or (3) the Adjusted LIBO Rate (as defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement) for a one month interest period on such day (or if such day is not a business day, the immediately preceding business day) plus 1.00%) or the Adjusted LIBO Rate. The applicable margin for borrowings under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement is based on the Company’s most recently tested consolidated total net leverage ratio and will vary from (a) in the case of Eurodollar loans, 1.25% to 2.00%, and (b) in the case of ABR loans or swingline loans, 0.25% to 1.00%. The Company pays a commitment fee ranging from 0.15% to 0.30% on the unused portion of the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement was 1.7% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Collateral and guarantees

The 2019 Amended Credit Agreement is secured by collateral including (i) substantially all of the Company’s properties and assets, and the properties and assets of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries but excluding any patents, copyrights, patent applications or copyright applications or any trade secrets or software products and (ii) pledges of the equity interests in all present and future domestic subsidiaries (subject to certain exceptions as provided for under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement). The Company’s direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries are guarantors of all the obligations under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement.

Debt covenants

The 2019 Amended Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain the following financial covenants:

•

Maximum Net Leverage Ratio : On the last day of each fiscal quarter, the Company on a consolidated basis will not permit the ratio of total indebtedness (net of unrestricted domestic cash in excess of $20.0 million) to EBITDA, as such terms are defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement, for the rolling four quarter period ending on such date to be greater than 5.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter.

•

Senior Secured Leverage Ratio : On the last day of each fiscal quarter, the Company on a consolidated basis will not permit the ratio of total indebtedness secured by a lien (net of unrestricted domestic cash in excess of $20.0 million) to EBITDA, as such terms are defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement, for the rolling four quarter period ending on such date to be greater than 3.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter.

•

Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio : On the last day of each fiscal quarter, the Company on a consolidated basis will not permit the ratio of (x) EBITDA to (y) cash Consolidated Interest Expense, as such terms are defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement, in each case for the rolling four quarter period ending on such date, to be less than 3.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all of the above financial covenants.

Other

The Company has available overdraft and line of credit facilities in several countries in which it operates. These credit facilities are with various domestic and international banks and are at quoted market rates. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $3.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively, of availability under these facilities and there were no outstanding commitments.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Publisher FASB
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+ Details

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

8. Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease assets and operating lease obligations on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, current portion of long-term debt, and long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets.

Right of use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments under the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. At commencement date, the ROU asset also includes adjustments for lease prepayments, lease incentives received and the lessee's initial direct costs, if applicable. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The incremental borrowing rates are determined using rates specific to the term of the lease, economic environments where lease activity is concentrated, value of lease portfolio, and assuming full collateralization of the loans. Subsequent to the commencement date, the operating ROU asset is equal to the remeasured lease liability adjusted for cumulative prepaid or accrued rent if the lease payments are uneven throughout the lease term, unamortized lease incentives, unamortized initial direct costs and any impairment of the ROU assets. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease cost for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company does not recognize a lease liability or ROU asset for short-term leases (leases with a term of twelve months or less). For contracts with lease and non-lease components, the Company does not allocate the contract consideration, and accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

The Company’s operating leases consist of office facilities, office equipment and cars and the Company’s finance leases consist of office equipment and cars. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to 6.7 years, some of which include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms up to six years and some of which include options to terminate the leases within the next three years.

The components of lease cost were as follows (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	13,754	$	13,412	$	13,287

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	440	$	634	$	525
Interest on lease liabilities		18		32		21
Total finance lease cost	$	458	$	666	$	546

Operating lease cost includes short-term leases and variable lease costs, which are immaterial. Rent cost related to operating leases for office facilities was $12.2 million, $12.1 million and $11.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to lease liabilities was as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)	2021			2020
Operating leases:
Operating lease ROU assets	$	28,494		$	33,526

Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	9,933		$	10,331
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		19,550			24,323
Total operating lease liabilities	$	29,483		$	34,654

Weighted average remaining lease term	3.8			4.2
Weighted average discount rate		4.3	%		4.7	%

Finance leases:
Property and equipment	$	2,532		$	2,665
Accumulated depreciation		(2,151	)		(1,797	)
Property and equipment, net	$	381		$	868

Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	$	195		$	422
Other long-term liabilities		146			353
Total finance lease liabilities	$	341		$	775

Weighted average remaining lease term		1.5			2.1
Weighted average discount rate		2.9	%		3.1	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(12,058	)	$	(11,875	)	$	(11,355	)
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	(18	)	$	(32	)	$	(46	)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	(407	)	$	(456	)	$	(438	)

ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	6,577		$	11,713		$	11,251
Finance leases	$	9		$	118		$	632

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021, were as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2022	$	11,255
2023		8,731
2024		5,412
2025		3,418
2026		2,486
Thereafter		1,542
Total lease payments		32,844
Less: imputed interest		3,361
Total operating lease liabilities	$	29,483

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

9. Fair value measurements

The accounting guidance for fair value, among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The framework for measuring fair value consists of a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based upon whether such inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions made by the reporting entity. The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is briefly summarized as follows:


Level 1—	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2—	Observable inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3—	Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Interest on the Company’s line of credit is at a variable rate, and as such the debt obligation outstanding approximates fair value.

The carrying value of the Company’s Convertible Notes are at face value less unamortized debt discount and issuance costs. The estimated fair values of the Convertible Notes, which the Company has classified as Level 2 financial instruments, were determined based on quoted bid prices of the Convertible Notes on the last trading day of each reporting period. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of the Convertible Notes was $392.1 million and is presented for required disclosure purposes only. For further information on the Convertible Notes see Note 7.

The Company is exposed to certain financial market risks related to its ongoing business operations. The Company can manage foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk through derivative financial instruments and hedging activities. Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities can be utilized to protect the Company’s cash flow from adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates and to manage interest costs. Although the Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the derivative financial instruments, the Company attempts to limit this exposure by entering into agreements directly with major financial institutions that meet the Company’s credit standards and that are expected to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts. The Company had no foreign exchange contracts or derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2021 or 2020.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

10. Stockholders’ equity

Preferred stock

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had authorized 45,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001, of which no shares were issued or outstanding. The Board of Directors has the authority to issue the preferred stock in one or more series and to fix rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions, including dividends and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such series, without any further vote or action by the stockholders.

Common stock

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had authorized 513,796,572 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001, and 41,203,428 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of Class A common stock.

The holders of Class A and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. No common stock dividends were declared or paid in 2021, 2020, or 2019.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
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+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

11. Stock-based compensation

2001 stock-based compensation plans

Nonqualified stock option plan

In 2001, the Company established the Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (“NSO Plan”) under which 1,356,475 stock options with an exercise price of $.000025 remain outstanding as of December 31, 2021. The NSO Plan was terminated in 2003. Stock options under the NSO plan were immediately vested and have a contractual term of 35 years from the date of grant. The outstanding awards will continue to be governed by their existing terms under the NSO Plan. The NSO Plan is accounted for as an equity plan.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the NSO Plan:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2021		2,533,931		$	0.000025		16.0
Exercised		(1,177,456	)	$	0.000025
Forfeited		—		$	—
Outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2021		1,356,475		$	0.000025		15.0	$	104.9

The total intrinsic value of the NSO Plan stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, was $78.7 million, $43.1 million and $28.8 million, respectively.

Incentive and nonqualified stock-based plan

Also, in 2001, the Company established the Incentive and Nonqualified Stock-based Plan (“ISO Plan”) which was authorized to issue nonqualified stock options and incentive stock options totaling 11,153,872 shares of Class A common stock. This plan was completed in 2020 and no options remained outstanding. The total intrinsic value of the ISO Plan stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, was $3.8 million and $14.4 million, respectively.

2012 stock-based compensation plans

During 2012, the Company established the 2012 Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (“2012 Plan”) which permits the issuance of 5,200,000 shares of Class A common stock for the grant of nonqualified stock options (“NQSO”) and incentive stock options (“ISO”) for management, other employees, and board members of the Company. The options are issued at a price equal to or greater than fair market value at date of grant. All options have a contractual term of 10 years from date of grant.

The 2012 Plan is accounted for as an equity plan. For those options expected to vest, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over a four-year period, the total requisite service period of the awards.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the 2012 Plan for the periods indicated as follows:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding at January 1, 2021		824,652		$	4.26		5.1
Granted		—		$	—
Exercised		(279,563	)	$	4.46
Forfeited		(1,200	)	$	5.18
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2020		543,889		$	4.15		4.0	$	39.8

The total intrinsic value of the 2012 Plan stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, was $17.5 million, $13.9 million and $11.2 million, respectively.

2017 stock-based compensation plan

In 2017, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (“2017 Plan”), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to the Company’s employees and any parent and subsidiary corporations’ employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, performance shares, other cash-based and stock-based awards to the Company’s employees, directors and consultants and the Company’s parent, subsidiary, and affiliate corporations’ employees and consultants. The 2017 Plan has 14,622,416 authorized shares of the Company’s Class A common stock reserved for issuance.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock units, or RSUs, awarded under the 2017 Plan for the period:

	Number of RSUs
Outstanding as of January 1, 2021		1,154,936
Granted		579,464
Vested		(372,898	)
Forfeited		(80,091	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021		1,281,411

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the 2017 Plan for the period:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2021		4,203,482		$	45.68		9.7
Granted		887,431		$	75.34
Exercised		(23,681	)	$	42.49
Forfeited		(191,670	)	$	47.50
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021		4,875,562		$	51.02		8.8	$	130.1
Exercisable as of December 31, 2021		24,542		$	33.46		8.1	$	1.1

The weighted average grant date fair value of the RSUs was $69.88 and the RSUs generally vest in four equal annual installments. The fair value of RSUs that vested during the year ended December 31, 2021, was $23.8 million. Total compensation cost related to

nonvested awards not yet recognized as of December 31, 2021, was $51.1 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

Fair value of equity awards

The Company measures the fair value of its stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This valuation model requires the Company to make certain estimates and assumptions, including assumptions related to the expected price volatility of the Company’s stock, the period under which the options will be outstanding, the rate of return on risk-free investments, and the expected dividend yield for the Company’s stock.

The fair values of the Company’s stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, were estimated using the following assumptions:

	2021 grants			2020 grants			2019 grants
Weighted average grant date fair value per share	$61.93 - 80.06			$29.22 - 57.72			$	38.11
Expected volatility		35	%	34 - 35%				42	%
Expected term (in years)		6.25			6.25			6.25
Risk-free interest rate	1.1% - 1.2%			0.46 - 0.6%				1.80	%
Expected dividend yield		0	%		0	%		0	%

These assumptions and estimates are as follows:

•

Fair Value of Common Stock. The Company used the publicly quoted price as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market as the fair value of its common stock.

•

Expected Term. The Company used the simplified method to determine the expected term.

•

Risk-Free Interest Rate. The Company based the risk-free interest rate on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curves with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option.

•

Expected Volatility. As the Company does not have an extensive trading history for its common stock, the expected volatility was derived using the historical volatility of the returns of comparable publicly traded companies combined with the brief trading history of the Company’s common stock.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Board of Directors adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) on February 16, 2021, which was subsequently approved by our stockholders and became effective on June 2, 2021. The maximum number of shares available for issuance under the ESPP is 3,200,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock.

The purchase price for each share of common stock purchased under the ESPP will be 85% of the lower of (a) the fair market value per share on the first day of the applicable offering period or (b) the fair market value per share on the applicable purchase date.

Each offering period will last a number of months determined by the plan administrator, up to a maximum of 27 months. The initial offering period began on July 15, 2021, and ended on January 14, 2022, and new offering periods are expected to begin on each January 15 and July 15 thereafter, unless modified by the plan administrator. The ESPP allows participants to purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions, up to a maximum of 15% of their eligible compensation or $25,000, whichever is lower, and subject to limitations under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan administrator has limited participant contributions to $1,000 per month to prevent prejudicial advantages to higher compensated employees. Participants may withdraw from the ESPP and receive a refund of their accumulated payroll contributions at any time prior to a purchase date.

As of December 31, 2021, $4.2 million has been withheld on behalf of employees for a future purchase under the ESPP due to the timing of payroll deductions. There were no purchases related to the ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company recognized $1.2 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Other

In connection with the acquisition of Polliwog in October 2019, per the Stock Purchase Agreement, 256,594 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock will be issued to existing employees, subject to continuing employment. The shares will be issued on the one-, two- and three-year anniversaries of the closing, subject to potential reduction in certain circumstances. The accounting treatment for these shares in the context of the business combination is to recognize the expense as a post-combination expense, not as transaction consideration.

The estimated post combination expense to the Company as a result of the Polliwog business combination was approximately $8.7 million which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the employment period that was stipulated in the Stock Purchase Agreement. As of December 31, 2021, the weighted average remaining service period is 0.8 years. Once the vesting conditions of the service period are met, the Company will issue shares for each award. Stock-based compensation expense includes $2.9 million, $2.9 million and $0.7 million expense related to these shares for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In connection with the acquisition of World Programming in December 2021, per the Stock Purchase Agreement, $29.5 million of the Company’s Class A Common Stock will be issued to existing employees, subject to continuing employment and certain other contingencies. The shares will be issued on the one-, two- and three-year anniversaries of the certain legal matters being resolved, subject to potential reduction in certain circumstances. The accounting treatment for these shares in the context of the business combination is to recognize the expense as a post-combination expense, not as transaction consideration.

The estimated post combination expense to the Company as a result of the World Programming business combination was approximately $29.5 million which is recognized on an accelerated method over the employment period. As of December 31, 2021, the weighted average remaining service period is 3.0 years. Once the vesting conditions of the service period are met, the Company will issue shares for each award. Stock-based compensation expense includes $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Stock-based compensation expense

The stock-based compensation expense was recorded as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Cost of revenue-software	$	5,619	$	2,473	$	1,069
Research and development		16,561		8,372		2,917
Sales and marketing		15,044		6,423		2,250
General and administrative		7,325		4,087		2,292
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	44,549	$	21,355	$	8,528

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

12. Income taxes

The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
U.S.	$	(27,850	)	$	(22,127	)	$	(14,732	)
Non-U.S.		27,562			24,159			18,120
	$	(288	)	$	2,032		$	3,388

The significant components of the income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Current
U.S. Federal	$	—		$	—		$	—
Non-U.S.		9,781			23,197			11,434
U.S. State and Local		227			(315	)		446
Total current		10,008			22,882			11,880
Deferred
U.S. Federal		26			(881	)		193
Non-U.S.		(1,550	)		(9,849	)		(1,143	)
U.S. State and Local		22			380			—
Total deferred		(1,502	)		(10,350	)		(950	)
Income tax expense	$	8,506		$	12,532		$	10,930

The reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate to income tax expense is as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
U.S. federal statutory rate		21	%		21	%		21	%
Income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	(60	)	$	427		$	711
Foreign income taxes at rates other than the federal statutory rate		2,950			1,161			1,247
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit		(4,826	)		(4,892	)		(6,836	)
U.S. effect of changes in tax laws		—			4,946			—
U.S. effect of foreign operations		1,827			1,205			8,609
Change in valuation allowance		20,212			5,215			18,138
Foreign withholding taxes		(4,545	)		5,236			5,975
U.S. foreign tax credit and deduction		(288	)		(1,308	)		(7,059	)
Research and development tax credit		(784	)		2,576			(2,600	)
Stock-based compensation		(12,791	)		(5,034	)		(4,628	)
Other		753			825			(768	)
Uncertain tax positions		6,058			2,175			(1,859	)
Income tax expense	$	8,506		$	12,532		$	10,930

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, subjects a U.S. shareholder to current tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The impact of GILTI resulted in no incremental tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 due to a full valuation allowance on U.S. net deferred tax assets. In addition, the Company has made an accounting policy election to treat taxes due under the GILTI provision as a current period expense. On July 23, 2020, the Department of Treasury published final regulations under the GILTI and Subpart F provisions of the Code regarding the treatment of income that is subject to a high rate of foreign tax (“high-tax exclusion”). These regulations, among other things, permit U.S. shareholders of foreign corporations to make an election for a controlled foreign corporation to exclude from subpart F income any item of income received by the controlled foreign corporation if that income is subject to an effective tax rate greater than 90% of the maximum U.S. corporate income tax rate of 21%. The Company has evaluated the impact of these regulations and made an election to avail the high-tax exclusion for tax years 2018, 2019 and 2020. Since this is an annual election, the Company intends to make a high-tax exclusion election for 2021 tax year and has recorded the impact of the election in its 2021 year-end tax provision.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities result from differences in the basis of assets and liabilities for tax and financial statements purposes. The approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference, and operating losses and tax credit carryforwards that give rise to a significant portion of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021			2020
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue	$	12,217		$	12,135
Net operating loss carryforwards		87,144			66,160
Tax credit carryforwards		26,035			26,299
Stock-based compensation		5,011			3,766
Capitalized research and development		4,408			6,472
Lease obligation		8,518			9,956
Employee benefits		6,460			5,980
Other		3,866			2,618
Total gross deferred tax assets		153,659			133,386
Less: valuation allowances		(119,981	)		(96,831	)
Net deferred tax assets⁽¹⁾		33,678			36,555
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid royalties		—			584
Property and equipment and intangibles		21,834			16,177
Deferred tax on investment in subsidiary		1,500			790
Lease right of use asset		8,283			9,610
Convertible debt, net of issuance costs		6,331			8,685
Other		2,624			1,612
Total deferred tax liabilities		40,572			37,458
Total net deferred tax (liabilities) assets	$	(6,894	)	$	(903	)

(1)	Reflects gross amount before jurisdictional netting of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined separately for each tax jurisdiction on a separate or on a consolidated tax filing basis, as applicable, in which the Company conducts its operations or otherwise incurs taxable income or losses. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the gross deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realization of deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The Company considers the following possible sources of taxable income when assessing the realization of deferred tax assets:

•

taxable income in prior carryback years;

•

future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;

•

future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; and

•

prudent and feasible tax planning strategies that the Company would be willing to undertake to prevent a deferred tax asset from otherwise expiring.

The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or whether a change in judgment regarding the valuation allowance has occurred also considers all available positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to:

•

nature, frequency, and severity of cumulative losses in recent years;

•

duration of statutory carryforward and carryback periods;

•

statutory limitations against utilization of tax attribute carryforwards against taxable income;

•

historical experience with tax attributes expiring unused; and

•

near‑ and medium‑term financial outlook.

The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent to which the evidence may be objectively verified. Accordingly, it is generally difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. The Company uses the actual results for the last two years and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years.

The evaluation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events recognized in the financial statements or tax returns and future profitability. The recognition of deferred tax assets represents the Company’s best estimate of those future events. Changes in the current estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

In certain tax jurisdictions, the Company’s analysis indicates that it has cumulative losses in recent years. This is considered significant negative evidence, which is objective and verifiable and, therefore, difficult to overcome. However, the cumulative loss position is not solely determinative and, accordingly, the Company considers all other available positive and negative evidence in its analysis. Based on its analysis, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance for the portion of deferred tax assets where based on the weight of available evidence it is unlikely to realize those deferred tax assets.

Based on the evidence available including a lack of sustainable earnings, the Company in its judgment previously recorded a valuation allowance against substantially all of its net deferred tax assets in the United States. If a change in judgment regarding this valuation allowance were to occur in the future, the Company will record a potentially material deferred tax benefit, which could result in a favorable impact on the effective tax rate in that period.

The Company continues to record deferred foreign taxes on gross book-tax basis differences to the extent of foreign distributable reserves and excess cash balances for its subsidiary in India. Determining the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to any remaining undistributed foreign earnings is not practicable.

The following table summarizes the changes to the valuation allowance balance (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Beginning balance	$	96,831	$	84,356	$	78,155
Additions charged to expense		20,212		5,215		18,138
Other		2,938		7,260		(11,937	)
Ending balance	$	119,981	$	96,831	$	84,356

The change in valuation allowance in Other for 2021 of $2.9 million is primarily related to a valuation allowance recorded on deferred tax assets established during purchase accounting from the World Programming acquisition. The change in valuation allowance in Other for 2020 of $7.3 million is primarily related to a valuation allowance recorded on deferred tax assets established during purchase accounting from the Univa acquisition. The change in valuation allowance in Other for 2019 of $11.9 million is related to the issuance of convertible debt, net of issuance costs.

The following table summarizes the amount and expiration dates of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	Expiration dates	Amounts
U.S. general business credits and loss carryforwards	2022-Indefinite	$	91,144
Foreign general business credits and loss carryforwards	2022-Indefinite		17,593
U.S. foreign tax credits	2027		4,442
Total operating loss and tax credit carryforwards		$	113,179

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Unrecognized tax benefits—January 1	$	8,310		$	12,114		$	13,743
Additions (reductions) for tax positions of current period		1,042			209			50
Additions for tax positions of prior periods		8,983			1,849			600
Reductions for tax positions of prior periods		(1,934	)		(5,862	)		(2,117	)
Reductions due to statute of limitations		(25	)		—			(162	)
Unrecognized tax benefits—December 31	$	16,376		$	8,310		$	12,114

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $11.0 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect the effective tax rate. The Company expects a reduction over the next 12 months in the gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $0.2 million which if recognized would not impact the effective tax rate during 2022.

The Company operates globally but considers its more significant tax jurisdictions to include the United States, India, Germany, Japan, and China. India has tax years open for examination from 2010 through 2021. All other significant jurisdictions have open tax years from 2016 through 2021.

The Company records interest and penalties with respect to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $1.0 million, $0.5 million, and $3.4 million, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
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+ Details

Net Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

13. Net loss per share

Basic net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, excluding dilutive securities, stock options, RSUs and ESPP shares. Diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders is based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period and potentially dilutive common shares, including the effect of dilutive securities, stock options, RSUs and ESPP shares under the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the computation of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted net (loss) income per share amounts (in thousands, except per share data):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(8,794	)	$	(10,500	)	$	(7,542	)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic loss per share — weighted average shares		76,179			73,241			71,544
Effect of dilutive securities, stock options and RSUs		—			—			—
Denominator for dilutive loss per share		76,179			73,241			71,544
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.11	)

Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share were as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Stock options and ESPP		3,425		3,123		5,710
Convertible shares		1,555		—		—
Total shares excluded from calculation		4,980		3,123		5,710

Since the Company was in a net loss position for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as diluted net loss per share for those periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

The Company expects to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Notes in cash, and therefore, the Company uses the treasury stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the Conversion Option on diluted net (loss) income per share, if applicable. The Conversion Option will have a dilutive impact on net income per share of common stock when the average market price of the Company’s Class A common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of the Convertible Notes of $46.50 per share. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company's weighted average common stock price was below the conversion price of the Convertible Notes.

Retirement Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Retirement Benefits

14. Retirement benefits

The Company sponsors a 401(k) profit sharing plan (the “Plan”) for all eligible U.S. employees. This Plan allows eligible employees to contribute up to 80% of their compensation to the Plan. The Company makes discretionary matching contributions to the Plan provided the employee is employed on the last day of the year. Such discretionary contributions vest ratably over five years of service. The Company’s contributions to the Plan were $1.6 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

The Company also participates in government-mandated retirement and/or termination indemnity plans, benefiting certain non-U.S. employees. Termination benefits are generally lump sum payments based upon an individual’s years of credited service and annual salary at retirement. These plans are generally unfunded, and employees receive payments at the time of retirement or termination under applicable labor laws or agreements. The amount of net benefit cost recorded in the consolidated statements of operations for these plans was $3.0 million, $2.7 million and $1.8 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The amount of benefits paid under these plans was $0.4 million, $0.5 million and $0.4 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation, unlike the projected benefit obligation, does not reflect expected benefit increases from future salary levels, and was $10.0 million and $8.7 million as of December 31, 2021and 2020, respectively, under these plans. The projected benefit obligation, net of plan assets, was $15.7 million and $15.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

A summary of the components of the pension benefits obligation recorded in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	650	$	657
Other long-term liabilities		15,086		14,497
	$	15,736	$	15,154

The estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, that are expected to be paid for each of the next five years are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending
December 31, 2022	$	689
December 31, 2023	$	810
December 31, 2024	$	768
December 31, 2025	$	737
December 31, 2026	$	894
Next five years	$	4,982

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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+ Details

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

15. Accumulated other comprehensive loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands):

	Foreign currency translation			Retirement related benefit plans			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	(8,823	)	$	(2,467	)	$	(11,290	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		1,895			62			1,957
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			(179	)		(179	)
Tax effects		—			(16	)		(16	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		1,895			(133	)		1,762
Balance as of December 31, 2019		(6,928	)		(2,600	)		(9,528	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		7,782			(501	)		7,281
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			(858	)		(858	)
Tax effects		—			308			308
Other comprehensive income (loss)		7,782			(1,051	)		6,731
Balance as of December 31, 2020		854			(3,651	)		(2,797	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		(7,254	)		198			(7,056	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			1,199			1,199
Tax effects		—			(296	)		(296	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(7,254	)		1,101			(6,153	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	(6,400	)	$	(2,550	)	$	(8,950	)

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

16. Commitments and contingencies

World Programming

The Company acquired World Programming in December 2021. In 2010 SAS Institute, Inc. (“SAS”) filed an action against World Programing in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina alleging copyright infringement, breach of contract, fraudulent inducement to contract, and violations of the North Carolina Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act (UDTPA). SAS was unsuccessful on its copyright claims but prevailed on its breach of contract, fraudulent inducement, and UDTPA claims and was awarded damages of $79.1 million in 2016 (the “NC Judgment”). The North Carolina District Court subsequently enjoined World Programming from licensing its WPL software to new customers for use in the United States until the NC Judgment was satisfied. At the time that Altair acquired World Programming, World Programming had partially paid the NC Judgment. On January 3, 2022, the Company paid the outstanding balance of $65.9 million on the NC Judgment. Despite payment in full, SAS has asserted that the Company has not satisfied the Judgment. A hearing to address this issue is scheduled for March 2022.

In 2018, SAS filed litigation in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas asserting that World Programming infringed SAS copyrights and patents. SAS voluntarily dismissed with prejudice its patent claims, and the Texas court entered judgment in favor of World Programming on the copyright claims. SAS appealed this judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. A decision from the Court of Appeals is pending.

Other legal proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. The Company has received, and may in the future continue to receive, claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights. Future litigation may be necessary to defend the Company, its partners and its customers by determining the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights, or to establish and enforce the Company’s proprietary rights.

Effects of proceedings

The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Commitments

The Company has entered into various renewable, nonexclusive license agreements under which the Company has been granted access to the licensor’s technology and the right to sell or use the technology in the Company’s products. Royalties are payable to developers of the software at various rates and amounts, which generally are based upon unit sales or revenue. Royalty fees were $10.9 million, $10.4 million, and $10.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are reported in Cost of revenue—software.

Additionally, the Company has current contractual purchase obligations for services supporting business operations, including non-cancelable agreements. The future purchase obligations for these agreements are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2022	$	96,139
2023		7,476
2024		4,047
2025		3,664
2026		1,654
Thereafter		—
Total	$	112,980

Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

17. Segment information

The Company defines its operating segments as components of its business where separate financial information is available and used by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to its segments and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.

The Company has identified two reportable segments for financial reporting purposes: Software and Client Engineering Services. The primary measure of segment operating performance is Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as net income (loss) adjusted for income tax expense (benefit), interest expense, interest income and other, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, asset impairment charges and other special items as determined by management. Adjusted EBITDA includes an allocation of corporate headquarters costs.

The Software reportable segment derives revenue from the sale and lease of software licenses and cloud solutions in the areas of simulation, high-performance computing, and artificial intelligence to design and optimize high-performance, efficient, innovative and sustainable products and processes for improved business performance. The Software segment also generates revenue by providing services related to the Company’s software, including consulting, training, and implementation services. To a much lesser extent, the Software segment includes revenue from the sale of hardware products.

The Client Engineering Services reportable segment provides support to the Company’s customers with long-term ongoing expertise. The Company hires simulation specialists, industrial designers, design engineers, materials experts, development engineers, manufacturing engineers, data scientists, and information technology specialists for placement at customer sites for specific customer-directed assignments.

The “All other” represents innovative services and products, including toggled ^®, the Company’s LED lighting business. toggled^® is focused on developing and selling next-generation solid state lighting technology along with communication and control protocols based, in part, on intellectual property for the direct replacement of fluorescent tubes with LED lighting. Other businesses combined within Other include potential services and product concepts that are still in their development stages and the Company’s WEYV business, which ceased operations in the third quarter of 2019.

Inter-segment sales are not significant for any period presented. The CODM does not review asset information by segment when assessing performance, therefore no asset information is provided for reportable segments. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2—Summary of significant accounting policies.

The following tables are in thousands:

Year ended December 31, 2021	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	485,569	$	39,282	$	7,328		$	532,179
Adjusted EBITDA	$	82,845	$	4,723	$	(2,315	)	$	85,253

Year ended December 31, 2020	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	418,165	$	44,320	$	7,436		$	469,921
Adjusted EBITDA	$	53,820	$	5,129	$	(1,661	)	$	57,288

Year ended December 31, 2019	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	401,278	$	48,987	$	8,650		$	458,915
Adjusted EBITDA	$	38,834	$	5,255	$	(4,540	)	$	39,549

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP (loss) income before income taxes:
Adjusted EBITDA	$	85,253		$	57,288		$	39,549
Stock-based compensation expense		(44,549	)		(21,355	)		(8,528	)
Interest expense		(12,065	)		(11,598	)		(6,371	)
Depreciation and amortization		(25,644	)		(23,806	)		(21,522	)
Restructuring expense		(5,053	)		—			—
Special adjustments, interest income and other ⁽¹⁾		1,770			1,503			260
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(288	)	$	2,032		$	3,388

⁽¹⁾

Included for the year ended December 31, 2021, is $1.2 million currency gains on acquisition-related intercompany loans. Included for the year ended December 31, 2020, are $1.0 million of proceeds from settlements related to a historical acquisition and $0.6 million of severance expense. Included for the year ended December 31, 2019, are acquisition-related costs of $0.6 million, severance expense of $0.4 million, and impairment charges for royalty contracts of $1.0 million.

Revenue is attributed to geographic areas based on the country of origin. The following table provides sales to external customers and long-lived assets for each of the geographic areas in which the Company operates (in thousands):

	Revenue						Long-lived assets (1)
	Year ended December 31,						December 31,
	2021		2020		2019		2021		2020
United States	$	259,344	$	233,611	$	219,053	$	54,559	$	60,479
Other countries		12,249		12,127		14,753		8,777		8,378
Total Americas		271,593		245,738		233,806		63,336		68,857
Germany		52,227		48,559		50,102		7,212		9,201
France		19,694		15,287		17,210		1,155		1,078
Other countries		52,264		49,403		49,312		48,474		11,730
Total Europe, Middle East and Africa		124,185		113,249		116,624		56,841		22,009
Japan		42,322		41,109		37,757		1,346		2,009
Other countries		94,079		69,825		70,728		7,112		8,441
Total Asia Pacific		136,401		110,934		108,485		8,458		10,450
Total	$	532,179	$	469,921	$	458,915	$	128,635	$	101,316

(1)	Includes property and equipment, net and definite-lived intangible assets, net.

Concentrations of credit risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade receivables. The risk with respect to trade receivables is partially mitigated by the diversity, both by geography and by industry, of the Company’s customer base. The Company’s accounts receivable is derived from sales to a large number of direct customers and resellers around the world. Sales to customers within the automotive industry accounted for approximately 33%, 36%, and 40% of the Company’s 2021, 2020 and 2019 revenue, respectively, with no other industry representing more than 10% of revenue. No individual customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 or 2019

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

18. Subsequent events

Stock repurchase program

In February 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program. Under the program, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $50.0 million of the Company’s outstanding Class A Common Stock. As permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements and subject to market conditions and other factors, purchases under the program may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing prices, or through privately negotiated transactions. The Company intends to use the share repurchase plan to opportunistically return capital to shareholders while still focusing on its primary goal of investing in the business to drive growth.

The authorization provides that: (1) the new stock repurchase program shall continue until the earlier of the date an aggregate of $50.0 million of common stock has been repurchased , or until suspended or terminated by the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion; and (2) all shares of common stock repurchased pursuant to the new program shall be retired and be available for use and reissuance for purposes as and when determined by the Board of Directors including, without limitation, pursuant to the Company's 2017 Equity Incentive Plan and the Company’s 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. Third-party holdings of equity interests in the Company’s subsidiaries that are less than controlled represent noncontrolling interests. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates	Use of estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its significant estimates including the stand alone selling price, or SSP, for each distinct performance obligation included in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations, the incremental borrowing rate used in the valuation of lease liabilities, fair value of convertible senior notes, provision for doubtful accounts, tax valuation allowances, liabilities for uncertain tax provisions, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, retirement obligations, useful lives of intangible assets, revenue for fixed price contracts, valuation of common stock, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency Translation	Foreign currency translation The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is their respective local currency. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Equity balances and transactions are translated using historical exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. All assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency with gains and losses recognized in foreign currency losses, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has no transactions which hedge purchase commitments and no intercompany balances which are designated as being of a long-term investment in nature.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue recognition Software revenue Revenue is derived principally from the licensing of software products and from related maintenance contracts. The Company enters into contracts that include combinations of products, maintenance and services, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns. Revenue from term-based software licenses is classified as software revenue. Term-based licenses are sold only as a bundled arrangement that includes the rights to a term-based software license and post-contract customer support (PCS), which includes unspecified technical enhancements and customer support. Maximizing the use of observable inputs, the Company determined that a majority of the estimated standalone selling prices of the term-based license is attributable to the term-based license and a minority is attributable to the PCS. The license component is classified as license revenue and recognized as revenue upon the later of delivery of the licensed product or the beginning of the license period. PCS is classified as maintenance and other services and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company provides the PCS benefit over time as a stand ready to perform obligation. In addition to term-based software licenses, the Company sells perpetual licenses. Software revenue is recognized upon the later of delivery of the licensed product or the beginning of the license period. Typically, the Company’s perpetual licenses are sold with PCS. The Company allocates value in bundled perpetual and PCS arrangements based on the value relationship between the software license and maintenance. Revenue from PCS is classified as maintenance and other services and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company satisfies the PCS performance obligation over time as a stand ready to perform obligation. Revenue from training, consulting and other services is recognized as the services are performed, and is classified as maintenance and other services in the consolidated statement of operations. For contracts in which the service consists of a single performance obligation, such as providing a training class to a customer, the Company recognizes revenue upon completion of the performance obligation. For service contracts that are longer in duration and often include multiple performance obligations (for example, point-in-time training and consulting), the Company measures the progress toward completion of the obligations and recognizes revenue accordingly. In measuring progress towards the completion of performance obligations, the Company typically utilizes output-based estimates for services with fixed fee arrangements, and estimates output based on the total tasks completed as compared to the total tasks required for each contract. Input-based estimates are utilized for services that involve general consultations with contractual billing arrangements based on time and materials, utilizing direct labor as the input measure. The Company also executes arrangements through indirect channel partners in which the channel partners are authorized to market and distribute the Company's software products to end users of the Company's products and services in specified territories. In sales facilitated by channel partners, the channel partner bears the risk of collection from the end-user customer. The Company recognizes revenue from transactions with channel partners in a manner consistent with the direct sales described above for both perpetual and term-based licenses. Revenue from channel partner transactions is the amount remitted to the Company by the channel partners. This amount includes a fee for PCS that is compensation for providing technical enhancements and the second level of technical support to the end user, which is recognized over the period that PCS is to be provided. The Company does not offer right of return, product rotation, or price protection to any of its channel partners. Non-income related taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as accounts receivable, net and other accrued expenses and current liabilities. These amounts are reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of operations and do not impact reported revenues or expenses. Certain hardware revenue is included within software revenue and is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria stated above are met, which is generally when the products are delivered to end customers. Software related services Consulting services from product design and development projects are considered distinct performance obligations and are provided to customers on a time-and-materials (“T&M”) or fixed-price basis. The Company recognizes software services revenue for T&M contracts based upon hours worked and contractually agreed upon hourly rates using the input method. Revenue from fixed-price engagements is recognized using the output method based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated project costs. Client engineering services Client engineering services revenue are derived from professional services for staffing primarily representing engineers and data scientists located at a customer site. These professional services are considered distinct performance obligations and are provided to customers on a T&M basis. The Company recognizes this revenue for T&M contracts based upon hours worked and contractually agreed upon hourly rates using the input method. Other Other revenue includes product revenue from the sale of LED products primarily for the replacement of fluorescent tubes. Revenue from the sale of LED products is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria stated above are met, which is generally when the products are delivered to resellers or to end customers. Sales returns, which reduce revenue, are estimated using historical experience.
Property and Equipment, Net	Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Equipment held under capital leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments less accumulated amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense in the period incurred. Major expenditures for betterments are capitalized when they meet the criteria for capitalization. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations in the period realized. Building and improvements is depreciated over an estimated useful life of five to thirty-nine years. Computer equipment and software is depreciated over an estimated useful life of three to five years. Office furniture and equipment is depreciated over an estimated useful life of five to fifteen years. Leasehold improvements and assets acquired under capital leases are amortized over the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset or improvement, whichever is shorter.
Software Development Costs	Software development costs Software development costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are expensed as incurred. Technological feasibility is established upon the completion of a detailed program design. Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and ends when the product is available for general release. Generally, the time between the establishment of technological feasibility and commercial release of software is short. As such, all internal software development costs have been expensed as incurred and included in research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, and definite-lived intangible assets, including developed technology and customer relationships, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company compares the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models and third-party independent appraisals. No impairment losses were recognized in 2021, 2020, or 2019.
Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred for an acquired entity over the estimated fair values of the net tangible assets and the identifiable assets acquired. As described in Note 4 – Acquisitions, the Company has recorded goodwill in connection with certain acquisitions. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company has determined that there is one reporting unit with goodwill subject to goodwill impairment testing. An entity has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount prior to performing the quantitative two-step impairment test. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount prior to performing the quantitative two-step impairment test. The qualitative assessment evaluates various events and circumstances, such as macro-economic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, relevant events and financial trends that may impact a reporting unit’s fair value. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment dates. For 2021, the Company performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit with goodwill was less than the carrying amounts. Accordingly, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired. The Company performs its annual impairment review of indefinite-lived intangibles in the fourth quarter of each year and when a triggering event occurs between annual reporting dates. In 2021, the Company performed a qualitative assessment of indefinite-lived trade names and determined there was no indication of impairment. Accordingly, no impairment charges were recognized in 2021 .
Receivable for R&D Credit	Receivable for R&D credit The French government provides a research and development (“R&D”) tax credit known as Credit Impôt Recherche, or CIR, in order to encourage Companies to invest in R&D. The tax credit is deductible from the French income tax and any excess is carried forward for three years. After three years, any unused credit may be reimbursed to the Company by the French government. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $12.0 million receivables from the French government related to CIR, of which $3.5 million is recorded in income tax receivable and the remaining $8.5 million is recorded in other long-term assets. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $13.2 million receivables from the French government related to CIR, of which $3.2 million was recorded in income tax receivable and the remaining $10.0 million was recorded in other long-term assets. CIR is subject to customary audit by the French tax authorities.
Income Taxes	Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent it believes that these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which increase the provision for income taxes. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing and reversal of existing temporary differences, ability to carryback losses, and tax planning strategies. If based upon the evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. A valuation allowance is recognized to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that management believes is more likely than not to be realized. The Company applies a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to its accounting for tax uncertainties. The Company reviews all of its tax positions and makes determinations as to whether its tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. Only those benefits that have a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities are recognized. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recorded in the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations.
Research and Development Costs	Research and development costs Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits of research and development employees and costs incurred related to the development of new software products and significant enhancements and engineering changes to existing software products.
Advertising Costs	Advertising costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were $4.3 million, $4.0 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Mezzanine Equity	Mezzanine equity In 2017, the Company issued 200,000 shares of Class A common stock to a third-party as partial consideration for the purchase of developed technology. These shares have a put right that can be exercised by the holder five years from date of purchase at $12.50 per share that requires the shares to be recorded at fair value and classified as mezzanine equity in the consolidated balance sheet. The put right option is terminated if the shareholders sell their shares. As of December 31, 2017, the Company concluded that it is no longer probable that the put option will be exercised as the put value is substantially below market value and subsequent adjustment is not required. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the third-party holder sold 133,336 shares on the open market and as a result, the issuance value of those shares was reclassified into permanent equity from mezzanine equity. As of December 31, 2021, the remaining 66,664 shares continue to be classified as mezzanine equity until one of the following three events take place: (1) the shares are sold on the open market; (2) a redemption feature lapses; or (3) there is a modification of the terms of the instrument.
Leases	Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, current portion of long-term debt, and long-term debt, net of current portion on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not receive any lease concessions related to COVID-19 that had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-based compensation Employee stock-based awards, consisting of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) shares expected to be settled by issuing shares of Class A common stock, are recorded as equity awards. The fair value of stock options and ESPP shares on the date of grant is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company expenses the grant date fair value of its time-vested stock options subject to graded vesting using the straight-line method over the applicable service period. The Company expenses the fair value of ESPP shares over the offering period. The fair value of RSUs is measured using the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of RSUs is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally four years.
Business Combinations	Business combinations The Company accounts for business acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting. The fair value of purchase consideration of the acquired businesses is allocated to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations.
Recent Accounting Guidance	Recent accounting guidance Accounting standards adopted Income Taxes – In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles for income taxes. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 effective as of January 1, 2021, and the adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. Business Combinations – In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. This ASU requires an acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2021-08 on prospective basis, effective January 1, 2021. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accounting standards not yet adopted Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04. Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another rate that is expected to be discontinued. The amendments in the guidance are optional and effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. Debt – In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating certain separation models. Under ASU 2020-06, a convertible debt instrument will generally be reported as a single liability at its amortized cost with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The update also requires the if-converted method to be used for convertible instruments and the effect of potential share settlement be included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when an instrument may be settled in cash or shares. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance allows entities to use a modified or full retrospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 and is currently evaluating the effect of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and earnings per share attributable to common stockholders.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates its revenue by type of performance obligation and timing of revenue recognition as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Term licenses and other ⁽¹⁾	$	283,226	$	224,472	$	201,881
Perpetual licenses		41,582		35,493		42,440
Maintenance		122,733		117,159		103,699
Professional software services⁽¹⁾		6,205		14,587		18,682
Software related services		31,823		26,454		34,576
Client engineering services		39,282		44,320		48,987
Other		7,328		7,436		8,650
Total revenue	$	532,179	$	469,921	$	458,915

Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

World Programming [Member]

Summary of Amounts of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at the Acquisition Date

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase consideration transferred to acquire World Programming and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):

Fair value of consideration transferred	$	70,340
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	1,895
Accounts receivable		6,685
Other assets		1,636
Property and equipment		2,209
Trade names (4-year life)		300
Developed technology (5-year life)		30,500
Customer relationships (7-year life)		8,000
SAS legal liability		(66,596	)
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(3,574	)
Deferred revenue		(2,737	)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves		(9,893	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		(31,575	)
Goodwill ⁽¹⁾	$	101,915

(1)	Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

Univa

Summary of Amounts of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at the Acquisition Date

Fair value of consideration transferred	$	30,184
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash		193
Accounts receivable		956
Other assets		164
Trade names (4-year life)		200
Developed technology (6-year life)		9,000
Customer relationships (7-year life)		4,800
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(891	)
Deferred revenue		(874	)
Deferred tax liabilities		(1,100	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		12,448
Goodwill⁽¹⁾	$	17,736

(1)	Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

Supplementary Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Supplementary Information [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	413,743	$	241,221
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets		269		326
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	414,012	$	241,547

Schedule of Accounts Receivable Net

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Accounts receivable, trade	$	133,717	$	111,162
Contract assets		3,844		6,716
Accounts receivable, net	$	137,561	$	117,878

Schedule of Provision for Credit Loss

Activity in the provision for credit loss was as follows (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Balance, beginning of year	$	(2,559	)	$	(1,415	)	$	(1,150	)
Adoption of ASC 326 on beginning allowance		—			(388	)		—
Provision charged to expense		(514	)		(1,259	)		(671	)
Write-off, net of recoveries		500			563			413
Effects of foreign currency translation		34			(60	)		(7	)
Balance, end of year	$	(2,539	)	$	(2,559	)	$	(1,415	)

Summary of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Estimated			December 31,
	useful lives			2021		2020
Land	Indefinite			$	9,888	$	10,067
Building and improvements	5-39 years				18,358		15,630
Computer equipment and software	3-5 years				45,027		41,451
Office furniture and equipment	5-15 years				12,947		10,136
Leasehold improvements		(1	)		9,829		9,652
Right of use assets under finance leases		(1	)		2,532		2,665
Total property and equipment					98,581		89,601
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization					58,103		53,269
Property and equipment, net				$	40,478	$	36,332

(1)	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life, generally ranging from five to ten years.

Summary of Other Accrued Expenses and Current Liabilities

The following table provides the details of other accrued expenses and current liabilities (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Obligations related to acquisition of businesses	$	87,636	$	1,957
Accrued VAT		6,047		6,604
Income taxes payable		5,887		7,250
Employee stock purchase plan obligations		4,222		—
Accrued professional fees		3,516		3,156
Accrued royalties		2,537		2,009
Non-income tax liabilities		1,653		1,366
Defined contribution plan liabilities		1,513		1,660
Billings in excess of cost		1,459		1,108
Other current liabilities		7,756		6,294
Total	$	122,226	$	31,404

Summary of Other Long-term Liabilities

The following table provides the details of other long-term liabilities (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Deferred tax liabilities	$	15,389	$	8,028
Pension and other post retirement liabilities		15,086		14,497
Other liabilities		12,419		5,242
Total	$	42,894	$	27,767

Summary of Restructuring Expense

Restructuring expense was recorded as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2021
Cost of revenue - software	$	1,025
Research and development		1,721
Sales and marketing		1,836
General and administrative		471
Total restructuring expense	$	5,053

Schedule of Other Expense (Income), Net

Other expense (income), net consists of the following (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Foreign exchange loss (gain)	$	1,103		$	(787	)	$	745
Other		(541	)		(1,130	)		(2,297	)
Other expense (income), net	$	562		$	(1,917	)	$	(1,552	)

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill Attributable to Software Reportable Segment

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, which is attributable to the Software reportable segment, are as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	233,683
Acquisitions		25,932
Effects of foreign currency translation and other		4,866
Balance as of December 31, 2020		264,481
Acquisitions		108,772
Effects of foreign currency translation and other		(3,075	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	370,178

Schedule of Other Intangible Assets

A summary of other intangible assets is shown below (in thousands):

	December 31, 2021
	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology	4-6 years	$	110,891	$	49,672	$	61,219
Customer relationships	7-10 years		48,277		21,859		26,418
Other intangibles	4-10 years		647		127		520
Total definite-lived intangible assets			159,815		71,658		88,157
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names			10,900				10,900
Total other intangible assets		$	170,715	$	71,658	$	99,057

	December 31, 2020
	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology	4-6 years	$	78,841	$	37,651	$	41,190
Customer relationships	7-10 years		40,207		16,673		23,534
Other intangibles	4-10 years		344		84		260
Total definite-lived intangible assets			119,392		54,408		64,984
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names			11,130				11,130
Total other intangible assets		$	130,522	$	54,408	$	76,114

Summary of Estimated Amortization Expense

Estimated amortization expense for the next five years as of December 31, 2021, is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending
December 31, 2022	$	23,164
December 31, 2023		21,472
December 31, 2024		18,881
December 31, 2025		12,479
December 31, 2026		9,910
Thereafter		2,251
Total	$	88,157

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Carrying Value of Liability Component of Convertible Notes

The net carrying value of the liability component of the Convertible Notes was as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Principal	$	230,000	$	230,000
Less: unamortized debt discount		27,022		37,190
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		3,273		4,510
Net carrying amount	$	199,705	$	188,300

Schedule of Interest Expense Related to Convertible Notes

The interest expense related to the Convertible Notes was as follows (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Contractual interest expense	$	575	$	575	$	313
Amortization of debt issuance cost and discount		11,405		10,806		5,635
Total	$	11,980	$	11,381	$	5,948

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Lease Cost

The components of lease cost were as follows (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	13,754	$	13,412	$	13,287

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	440	$	634	$	525
Interest on lease liabilities		18		32		21
Total finance lease cost	$	458	$	666	$	546

Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Lease Liabilities

Supplemental balance sheet information related to lease liabilities was as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)	2021			2020
Operating leases:
Operating lease ROU assets	$	28,494		$	33,526

Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	9,933		$	10,331
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		19,550			24,323
Total operating lease liabilities	$	29,483		$	34,654

Weighted average remaining lease term	3.8			4.2
Weighted average discount rate		4.3	%		4.7	%

Finance leases:
Property and equipment	$	2,532		$	2,665
Accumulated depreciation		(2,151	)		(1,797	)
Property and equipment, net	$	381		$	868

Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	$	195		$	422
Other long-term liabilities		146			353
Total finance lease liabilities	$	341		$	775

Weighted average remaining lease term		1.5			2.1
Weighted average discount rate		2.9	%		3.1	%

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(12,058	)	$	(11,875	)	$	(11,355	)
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	(18	)	$	(32	)	$	(46	)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	(407	)	$	(456	)	$	(438	)

ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	6,577		$	11,713		$	11,251
Finance leases	$	9		$	118		$	632

Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021, were as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2022	$	11,255
2023		8,731
2024		5,412
2025		3,418
2026		2,486
Thereafter		1,542
Total lease payments		32,844
Less: imputed interest		3,361
Total operating lease liabilities	$	29,483

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Summary of Fair value of Company's Stock Options Granted

The fair values of the Company’s stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, were estimated using the following assumptions:

	2021 grants			2020 grants			2019 grants
Weighted average grant date fair value per share	$61.93 - 80.06			$29.22 - 57.72			$	38.11
Expected volatility		35	%	34 - 35%				42	%
Expected term (in years)		6.25			6.25			6.25
Risk-free interest rate	1.1% - 1.2%			0.46 - 0.6%				1.80	%
Expected dividend yield		0	%		0	%		0	%

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense

The stock-based compensation expense was recorded as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Cost of revenue-software	$	5,619	$	2,473	$	1,069
Research and development		16,561		8,372		2,917
Sales and marketing		15,044		6,423		2,250
General and administrative		7,325		4,087		2,292
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	44,549	$	21,355	$	8,528

NSO Plan [Member]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the NSO Plan:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2021		2,533,931		$	0.000025		16.0
Exercised		(1,177,456	)	$	0.000025
Forfeited		—		$	—
Outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2021		1,356,475		$	0.000025		15.0	$	104.9

2012 Plan [Member]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the 2012 Plan for the periods indicated as follows:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding at January 1, 2021		824,652		$	4.26		5.1
Granted		—		$	—
Exercised		(279,563	)	$	4.46
Forfeited		(1,200	)	$	5.18
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2020		543,889		$	4.15		4.0	$	39.8

2017 Plan [Member]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the 2017 Plan for the period:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2021		4,203,482		$	45.68		9.7
Granted		887,431		$	75.34
Exercised		(23,681	)	$	42.49
Forfeited		(191,670	)	$	47.50
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021		4,875,562		$	51.02		8.8	$	130.1
Exercisable as of December 31, 2021		24,542		$	33.46		8.1	$	1.1

Summary of Restricted Stock Units Awarded

The following table summarizes the restricted stock units, or RSUs, awarded under the 2017 Plan for the period:

	Number of RSUs
Outstanding as of January 1, 2021		1,154,936
Granted		579,464
Vested		(372,898	)
Forfeited		(80,091	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021		1,281,411

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
U.S.	$	(27,850	)	$	(22,127	)	$	(14,732	)
Non-U.S.		27,562			24,159			18,120
	$	(288	)	$	2,032		$	3,388

Schedule of Significant Components of Income Tax Expense

The significant components of the income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Current
U.S. Federal	$	—		$	—		$	—
Non-U.S.		9,781			23,197			11,434
U.S. State and Local		227			(315	)		446
Total current		10,008			22,882			11,880
Deferred
U.S. Federal		26			(881	)		193
Non-U.S.		(1,550	)		(9,849	)		(1,143	)
U.S. State and Local		22			380			—
Total deferred		(1,502	)		(10,350	)		(950	)
Income tax expense	$	8,506		$	12,532		$	10,930

Reconciliation of Income Taxes Calculated at U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate

The reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate to income tax expense is as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
U.S. federal statutory rate		21	%		21	%		21	%
Income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	(60	)	$	427		$	711
Foreign income taxes at rates other than the federal statutory rate		2,950			1,161			1,247
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit		(4,826	)		(4,892	)		(6,836	)
U.S. effect of changes in tax laws		—			4,946			—
U.S. effect of foreign operations		1,827			1,205			8,609
Change in valuation allowance		20,212			5,215			18,138
Foreign withholding taxes		(4,545	)		5,236			5,975
U.S. foreign tax credit and deduction		(288	)		(1,308	)		(7,059	)
Research and development tax credit		(784	)		2,576			(2,600	)
Stock-based compensation		(12,791	)		(5,034	)		(4,628	)
Other		753			825			(768	)
Uncertain tax positions		6,058			2,175			(1,859	)
Income tax expense	$	8,506		$	12,532		$	10,930

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

	December 31,
	2021			2020
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue	$	12,217		$	12,135
Net operating loss carryforwards		87,144			66,160
Tax credit carryforwards		26,035			26,299
Stock-based compensation		5,011			3,766
Capitalized research and development		4,408			6,472
Lease obligation		8,518			9,956
Employee benefits		6,460			5,980
Other		3,866			2,618
Total gross deferred tax assets		153,659			133,386
Less: valuation allowances		(119,981	)		(96,831	)
Net deferred tax assets⁽¹⁾		33,678			36,555
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid royalties		—			584
Property and equipment and intangibles		21,834			16,177
Deferred tax on investment in subsidiary		1,500			790
Lease right of use asset		8,283			9,610
Convertible debt, net of issuance costs		6,331			8,685
Other		2,624			1,612
Total deferred tax liabilities		40,572			37,458
Total net deferred tax (liabilities) assets	$	(6,894	)	$	(903	)

(1)	Reflects gross amount before jurisdictional netting of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Summary of Changes to Valuation Allowance Balance

The following table summarizes the changes to the valuation allowance balance (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Beginning balance	$	96,831	$	84,356	$	78,155
Additions charged to expense		20,212		5,215		18,138
Other		2,938		7,260		(11,937	)
Ending balance	$	119,981	$	96,831	$	84,356

Summary of Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards

The following table summarizes the amount and expiration dates of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	Expiration dates	Amounts
U.S. general business credits and loss carryforwards	2022-Indefinite	$	91,144
Foreign general business credits and loss carryforwards	2022-Indefinite		17,593
U.S. foreign tax credits	2027		4,442
Total operating loss and tax credit carryforwards		$	113,179

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Unrecognized tax benefits—January 1	$	8,310		$	12,114		$	13,743
Additions (reductions) for tax positions of current period		1,042			209			50
Additions for tax positions of prior periods		8,983			1,849			600
Reductions for tax positions of prior periods		(1,934	)		(5,862	)		(2,117	)
Reductions due to statute of limitations		(25	)		—			(162	)
Unrecognized tax benefits—December 31	$	16,376		$	8,310		$	12,114

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Numerators and Denominators Used in Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share Amounts

The following table sets forth the computation of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted net (loss) income per share amounts (in thousands, except per share data):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(8,794	)	$	(10,500	)	$	(7,542	)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic loss per share — weighted average shares		76,179			73,241			71,544
Effect of dilutive securities, stock options and RSUs		—			—			—
Denominator for dilutive loss per share		76,179			73,241			71,544
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.11	)

Schedule of Anti-dilutive Shares Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share

Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share were as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Stock options and ESPP		3,425		3,123		5,710
Convertible shares		1,555		—		—
Total shares excluded from calculation		4,980		3,123		5,710

Retirement Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Pension Benefits Obligation Recorded in Consolidated Balance Sheets

A summary of the components of the pension benefits obligation recorded in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2021		2020
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	650	$	657
Other long-term liabilities		15,086		14,497
	$	15,736	$	15,154

Schedule of Estimated Future Benefit Payments

The estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, that are expected to be paid for each of the next five years are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending
December 31, 2022	$	689
December 31, 2023	$	810
December 31, 2024	$	768
December 31, 2025	$	737
December 31, 2026	$	894
Next five years	$	4,982

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands):

	Foreign currency translation			Retirement related benefit plans			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	(8,823	)	$	(2,467	)	$	(11,290	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		1,895			62			1,957
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			(179	)		(179	)
Tax effects		—			(16	)		(16	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		1,895			(133	)		1,762
Balance as of December 31, 2019		(6,928	)		(2,600	)		(9,528	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		7,782			(501	)		7,281
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			(858	)		(858	)
Tax effects		—			308			308
Other comprehensive income (loss)		7,782			(1,051	)		6,731
Balance as of December 31, 2020		854			(3,651	)		(2,797	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		(7,254	)		198			(7,056	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			1,199			1,199
Tax effects		—			(296	)		(296	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(7,254	)		1,101			(6,153	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	(6,400	)	$	(2,550	)	$	(8,950	)

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Future Purchase Obligations

The future purchase obligations for these agreements are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2022	$	96,139
2023		7,476
2024		4,047
2025		3,664
2026		1,654
Thereafter		—
Total	$	112,980

Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information

The following tables are in thousands:

Year ended December 31, 2021	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	485,569	$	39,282	$	7,328		$	532,179
Adjusted EBITDA	$	82,845	$	4,723	$	(2,315	)	$	85,253

Year ended December 31, 2020	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	418,165	$	44,320	$	7,436		$	469,921
Adjusted EBITDA	$	53,820	$	5,129	$	(1,661	)	$	57,288

Year ended December 31, 2019	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	401,278	$	48,987	$	8,650		$	458,915
Adjusted EBITDA	$	38,834	$	5,255	$	(4,540	)	$	39,549

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes to Adjusted EBITDA

	Year ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP (loss) income before income taxes:
Adjusted EBITDA	$	85,253		$	57,288		$	39,549
Stock-based compensation expense		(44,549	)		(21,355	)		(8,528	)
Interest expense		(12,065	)		(11,598	)		(6,371	)
Depreciation and amortization		(25,644	)		(23,806	)		(21,522	)
Restructuring expense		(5,053	)		—			—
Special adjustments, interest income and other ⁽¹⁾		1,770			1,503			260
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(288	)	$	2,032		$	3,388

⁽¹⁾

Summary of Sales to External Customers and Long-Lived Assets by Geographical Areas

	Revenue						Long-lived assets (1)
	Year ended December 31,						December 31,
	2021		2020		2019		2021		2020
United States	$	259,344	$	233,611	$	219,053	$	54,559	$	60,479
Other countries		12,249		12,127		14,753		8,777		8,378
Total Americas		271,593		245,738		233,806		63,336		68,857
Germany		52,227		48,559		50,102		7,212		9,201
France		19,694		15,287		17,210		1,155		1,078
Other countries		52,264		49,403		49,312		48,474		11,730
Total Europe, Middle East and Africa		124,185		113,249		116,624		56,841		22,009
Japan		42,322		41,109		37,757		1,346		2,009
Other countries		94,079		69,825		70,728		7,112		8,441
Total Asia Pacific		136,401		110,934		108,485		8,458		10,450
Total	$	532,179	$	469,921	$	458,915	$	128,635	$	101,316

(1)	Includes property and equipment, net and definite-lived intangible assets, net.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Impairment losses	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Impairment charge of indefinite-lived intangible assets	0
Income tax receivable, current	9,388,000	6,736,000
Advertising expenses	$ 4,300,000	$ 4,000,000.0	$ 4,500,000
Shares issued		133,336
Remaining mezzanine equity	66,664
ASU 2019-12
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted [true false]	true
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adoption Date	Jan. 01, 2021
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Immaterial Effect [true false]	true
ASU 2021-08
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted [true false]	true
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adoption Date	Jan. 01, 2021
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Immaterial Effect [true false]	true
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation awards requisite service period	4 years
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Put Option [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Put right exercise period from date of purchase				5 years
Shares issued				200,000
Put right, exercise price				$ 12.50
Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry, France [Member] \| Research and Development Tax Credit Carryforward [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward, period	3 years
Income tax receivable	$ 12,000,000.0	$ 13,200,000
Income tax receivable, current	3,500,000	3,200,000
Income tax receivable, noncurrent	$ 8,500,000	$ 10,000,000.0
Building and Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Building and Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	39 years
Computer Equipment and Software [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	3 years
Computer Equipment and Software [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	15 years

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 532,179	$ 469,921	$ 458,915
Term Licenses and Other [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	283,226	224,472	201,881
Perpetual Licenses [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	41,582	35,493	42,440
Maintenance [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	122,733	117,159	103,699
Professional Software Services [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	6,205	14,587	18,682
Software Related Services [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	31,823	26,454	34,576
Client Engineering Services [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	39,282	44,320	48,987
Other [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 7,328	$ 7,436	$ 8,650

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Topic 280
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-Section 50
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130545-203045

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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 532,179	$ 469,921	$ 458,915
Term Licenses and Other, Hardware Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 9,000
Professional Software Services, Hardware Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		$ 10,000	$ 12,000

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Percentage of net revenues through indirect channels	12.00%	11.20%	9.80%
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period	4 years
Capitalized contract cost, amortization method	straight-line basis
Contract assets	$ 3,844	$ 6,716
Deferred revenue, revenue recognized	78,000
Contracted revenue not yet recognized	$ 146,400	131,400
Revenue recognize percentage	80.00%
Sales and Marketing Expense [Member]
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Sales commissions	$ 7,300	5,000
Prepaid and Other Current Assets [Member]
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost net, current	4,500	3,700
Contract assets	2,300	1,400
Other Long-Term Assets [Member]
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost net, noncurrent	400	600
Contract assets		1,300
Accounts Receivable [Member]
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Contract assets	$ 3,800	$ 6,700

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) Company	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
World Programming [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred	$ 70,340
Number of privately held acquired \| Company	2
World Programming [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amount of cash consideration	$ 50,000
Contingent consideration	20,300
Stock purchase plan agreement	$ 29,500
Univa [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred		$ 30,184
Other Business Acquisitions [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred			$ 16,900
Other Business Acquisitions [Member] \| Goodwill [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred			8,200
Other Business Acquisitions [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred			6,200
Other Business Acquisitions [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred			2,200
Other Business Acquisitions [Member] \| Tax Deduction [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred			$ 700

Acquisitions - Summary of Amounts of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at the Acquisition Date (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Goodwill	$ 370,178		$ 264,481	$ 233,683
World Programming [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred	70,340
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	1,895
Accounts receivable	6,685
Other assets	1,636
Property and equipment	2,209
SAS legal liability	(66,596)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(3,574)
Deferred revenue	(2,737)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves	(9,893)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed	(31,575)
Goodwill	101,915
World Programming [Member] \| Trade Names [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Indefinite-lived intangibles	300
World Programming [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles	30,500
World Programming [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles	$ 8,000
Univa [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred		$ 30,184
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash		193
Accounts receivable		956
Other assets		164
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(891)
Deferred revenue		(874)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves		(1,100)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		12,448
Goodwill		17,736
Univa [Member] \| Trade Names [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Indefinite-lived intangibles		200
Univa [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles		9,000
Univa [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles		$ 4,800

Acquisitions - Summary of Amounts of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at the Acquisition Date (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
World Programming [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill deductible for tax purposes	$ 0
World Programming [Member] \| Trade Names [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	4 years
World Programming [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	5 years
World Programming [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	7 years
Univa [Member] \| Software [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill deductible for tax purposes		$ 0
Univa [Member] \| Trade Names [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets		4 years
Univa [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets		6 years
Univa [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets		7 years

Supplementary Information - Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Supplementary Information [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 413,743	$ 241,221
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets	269	326
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 414,012	$ 241,547	$ 223,497	$ 35,685

Supplementary Information - Schedule of Accounts Receivable Net (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Supplementary Information [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, trade	$ 133,717	$ 111,162
Contract assets	3,844	6,716
Accounts receivable, net	$ 137,561	$ 117,878

Supplementary Information - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Supplementary Information [Line Items]
Provision for credit loss		$ 2,539,000	$ 2,559,000	$ 1,415,000	$ 1,150,000
Depreciation expense, including amortization of right-of-use assets under finance leases		7,300,000	$ 7,400,000	$ 7,100,000
Proceeds from private placement of common stock		200,000,000
Restructuring plan resulted in charges		5,053,000
Expected remaining restructuring costs		$ 0
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Matrix Capital Management Company LP [Member]
Supplementary Information [Line Items]
Stock issued	2,935,564
Proceeds from private placement of common stock	$ 200,000,000.0
Shares lockup period	1 year

Supplementary Information - Schedule of Provision for Credit Loss (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	$ (2,559)	$ (1,415)	$ (1,150)
Provision charged to expense	(514)	(1,259)	(671)
Write-off, net of recoveries	500	563	413
Effects of foreign currency translation	34	(60)	(7)
Balance, end of year	$ (2,539)	(2,559)	(1,415)
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]
Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year		$ (388)
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]		us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member
Balance, end of year			$ (388)

- Definition

Indicates amendment to accounting standards.

+ References

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+ Details

Supplementary Information - Summary of Property and Equipment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 98,581	$ 89,601
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	58,103	53,269
Property and equipment, net	40,478	36,332
Land [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 9,888	10,067
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	Indefinite
Building and Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 18,358	15,630
Building and Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Building and Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	39 years
Computer Equipment and Software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 45,027	41,451
Computer Equipment and Software [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	3 years
Computer Equipment and Software [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 12,947	10,136
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	15 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 9,829	9,652
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 2,532	$ 2,665
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years

Supplementary Information - Summary of Property and Equipment (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years

Supplementary Information - Summary of Other Accrued Expenses and Current Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Obligations related to acquisition of businesses	$ 87,636	$ 1,957
Accrued VAT	6,047	6,604
Income taxes payable	5,887	7,250
Employee stock purchase plan obligations	4,222
Accrued professional fees	3,516	3,156
Accrued royalties	2,537	2,009
Non-income tax liabilities	1,653	1,366
Defined contribution plan liabilities	1,513	1,660
Billings in excess of cost	1,459	1,108
Other current liabilities	7,756	6,294
Total	$ 122,226	$ 31,404

Supplementary Information - Summary of Other Long-term Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred tax liabilities	$ 15,389	$ 8,028
Pension and other post retirement liabilities	15,086	14,497
Other liabilities	12,419	5,242
Total	$ 42,894	$ 27,767

Supplementary Information - Summary of Restructuring Expense (Detail) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring plan resulted in charges	$ 5,053
Software Related Services [Member]
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring plan resulted in charges	1,025
Research and Development [Member]
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring plan resulted in charges	1,721
Sales and Marketing Expense [Member]
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring plan resulted in charges	1,836
General and Administrative [Member]
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring plan resulted in charges	$ 471

Supplementary Information - Schedule of Other Expense (Income), Net (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Supplementary Information [Abstract]
Foreign exchange loss (gain)	$ 1,103	$ (787)	$ 745
Other	(541)	(1,130)	(2,297)
Other expense (income), net	$ 562	$ (1,917)	$ (1,552)

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill Attributable to Software Reportable Segment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Beginning Balance	$ 264,481	$ 233,683
Acquisitions	108,772	25,932
Effects of foreign currency translation and other	(3,075)	4,866
Ending Balance	$ 370,178	$ 264,481

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Schedule of Other Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 159,815	$ 119,392
Accumulated amortization	71,658	54,408
Net carrying amount	88,157	64,984
Gross carrying amount	170,715	130,522
Net carrying amount	99,057	76,114
Developed Technology [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	110,891	78,841
Accumulated amortization	49,672	37,651
Net carrying amount	$ 61,219	$ 41,190
Developed Technology [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	4 years	4 years
Developed Technology [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	6 years	6 years
Customer Relationships [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 48,277	$ 40,207
Accumulated amortization	21,859	16,673
Net carrying amount	$ 26,418	$ 23,534
Customer Relationships [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	7 years	7 years
Customer Relationships [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	10 years	10 years
Other Intangibles [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 647	$ 344
Accumulated amortization	127	84
Net carrying amount	$ 520	$ 260
Other Intangibles [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	4 years	4 years
Other Intangibles [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	10 years	10 years
Trade Names [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net carrying amount	$ 10,900	$ 11,130

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 18,357	$ 16,376	$ 14,442

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Estimated Amortization Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
December 31, 2022	$ 23,164
December 31, 2023	21,472
December 31, 2024	18,881
December 31, 2025	12,479
December 31, 2026	9,910
Thereafter	2,251
Net carrying amount	$ 88,157	$ 64,984

Debt - Additional Information (Detail)	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Debt - Additional Information (Detail)	Jan. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) d $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) d $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, equity component recorded in additional paid-in capital				$ 50,009,000
Repayments of borrowing outstanding			$ 30,000,000	$ 127,941,000
Overdraft and Line of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan outstanding			0		$ 0
Amount available under secured credit agreement			3,300,000		3,600,000
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount		$ 230,000,000.0	$ 230,000,000.0
Debt instrument interest rate		0.25%
Additional principal amount of notes to underwriters		$ 30,000,000.0
Net proceeds from issuance of costs		$ 221,900,000
Debt instrument frequency of periodic payment			semi-annually
Interest payment commencement date		Dec. 01, 2019
Debt instrument maturity date		Jun. 01, 2024
Debt instrument, description			The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.25% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing December 1, 2019.
Debt instrument conversion rate principal amount of notes		$ 1,000
Debt instrument, convertible, terms of conversion feature			The Convertible Notes have an initial conversion rate of 21.5049 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $46.50 per share of its Class A common stock.
Debt instrument, convertible, "if-converted value" in excess of the principal amount			$ 111,100,000
Debt instrument, equity component recorded in additional paid-in capital			51,800,000
Debt instrument, fair value of the liability component			178,200,000
Net carrying value of equity component of convertible notes			$ 50,000,000.0		$ 50,000,000.0
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued \| shares		21.5049
Debt instrument conversion rate principal amount of notes		$ 1,000
Debt instrument convertible initial conversion price per share of common stock \| $ / shares		$ 46.50	$ 46.50
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Notes, Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 1 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, consecutive trading days \| d		30	30
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Notes, Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 1 [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, trading days \| d		20	20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of conversion price		130.00%	130.00%
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Notes, Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 2 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument conversion rate principal amount of notes		$ 1,000
Debt instrument, convertible, consecutive trading days \| d		5
Debt instrument, convertible, business days \| d		5
Debt instrument, convertible, maximum threshold percentage of sale price of common stock during measurement period		98.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maturity date			Dec. 15, 2023
Credit facility			$ 150,000,000.0
Increase in line of credit borrowing capacity			50,000,000.0
Increase in unrestricted domestic cash			$ 20,000,000.0
Maximum leverage ratio			5.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Federal Funds Effective Swap Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate			0.50%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate			1.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fees on unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility			0.15%
EBITDA to cash Consolidated Interest Expense ratio			3.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Minimum [Member] \| Eurodollar Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility			1.25%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Minimum [Member] \| Swingline Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility			0.25%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Minimum [Member] \| APR Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility			0.25%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fees on unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility			0.30%
Senior secured leverage ratio			3.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Maximum [Member] \| Eurodollar Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility			2.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Maximum [Member] \| Swingline Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility			1.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Maximum [Member] \| APR Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility			1.00%
Secured Credit Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan outstanding			$ 0
Amount available for future borrowing			$ 150,000,000.0
Repayments of borrowing outstanding	$ 30,000,000.0
Weighted Average Interest Rate on borrowings			1.70%

Debt - Schedule of Net Carrying Value of Liability Component of Convertible Notes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net carrying amount current	$ 199,705
Net carrying amount non current		$ 188,300
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	230,000	230,000
Less: unamortized debt discount	27,022	37,190
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	3,273	4,510
Net carrying amount current	$ 199,705
Net carrying amount non current		$ 188,300

Debt - Schedule of Interest Expense Related to Convertible Notes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortization of debt issuance cost and discount	$ 11,428	$ 10,829	$ 5,663
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	575	575	313
Amortization of debt issuance cost and discount	11,405	10,806	5,635
Total	$ 11,980	$ 11,381	$ 5,948

Leases - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Rent cost for operating leases	$ 12.2	$ 12.1	$ 11.8
Minimum [Member]
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Leases, remaining lease term	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Leases, remaining lease term	6 years 8 months 12 days
Operating leases, options to extend lease term	6 years
Leases, options to terminate leases	3 years

Leases - Schedule of Components of Lease Cost (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 13,754	$ 13,412	$ 13,287
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	440	634	525
Interest on lease liabilities	18	32	21
Total finance lease cost	$ 458	$ 666	$ 546

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Lease Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating leases:
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 28,494	$ 33,526
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	9,933	10,331
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	19,550	24,323
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 29,483	$ 34,654
Weighted average remaining lease term	3 years 9 months 18 days	4 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted average discount rate	4.30%	4.70%
Finance leases:
Property and equipment	$ 2,532	$ 2,665
Accumulated depreciation	(2,151)	(1,797)
Property and equipment, net	$ 381	$ 868
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentMember	us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentMember
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	$ 195	$ 422
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	Other accrued expenses and current liabilities
Other long-term liabilities	$ 146	$ 353
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 341	$ 775
Weighted average remaining lease term	1 year 6 months	2 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted average discount rate	2.90%	3.10%

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ (12,058)	$ (11,875)	$ (11,355)
Operating cash flows from finance leases	(18)	(32)	(46)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(407)	(456)	(438)
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	6,577	11,713	11,251
Finance leases	$ 9	$ 118	$ 632

Leases - Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
2022	$ 11,255
2023	8,731
2024	5,412
2025	3,418
2026	2,486
Thereafter	1,542
Total lease payments	32,844
Less: imputed interest	3,361
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 29,483	$ 34,654

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Balance Sheet Grouping Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair value of convertible notes	$ 392,100,000
Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Fair Value Balance Sheet Grouping Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivatives outstanding notional value	$ 0	$ 0

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2021 Vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2019 $ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized	45,000,000	45,000,000
Preferred stock, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock dividends \| $ / shares	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized	513,796,572	513,797,000
Common stock, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Number of votes entitled per share \| Vote	1
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized	41,203,428	41,203,000
Common stock, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Number of votes entitled per share \| Vote	10

Stock-based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2019 shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) Installment $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 27, 2017 shares	Dec. 31, 2012 shares	Dec. 31, 2001 shares
Polliwog Co. Ltd. [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense		$ 2,900,000	$ 2,900,000	$ 700,000
Business combination, estimated post combination expense		$ 8,700,000
Weighted average remaining service period		9 months 18 days
World Programming [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense		$ 700,000
Business combination, estimated post combination expense		$ 29,500,000
Weighted average remaining service period		3 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total requisite service period of awards		4 years
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of purchase price for each share of common stock purchased of lower of fair market value per share on first day of applicable offering period		85.00%
New offering period, duration		27 months
Initial offering period beginning date		Jul. 15, 2021
Offering period expiration date		Jan. 14, 2022
Amount of eligible compensation for employee payroll deductions		$ 25,000
Monthly participant contributions limited to prevent prejudicial advantages to higher compensated employees		$ 1,000
Purchases related to ESPP \| shares		0
Stock-based compensation expense		$ 1,200,000
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member] \| The Timing of Payroll Deductions [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Amount withheld on behalf of employees for a future purchase		$ 4,200,000
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of eligible compensation for employee payroll deductions		15.00%
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Polliwog Co. Ltd. [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Business acquisition, shares issued \| shares	256,594
Business acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable, description	Stock Purchase Agreement, 256,594 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock will be issued to existing employees, subject to continuing employment. The shares will be issued on the one-, two- and three-year anniversaries of the closing
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| World Programming [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Business acquisition, shares issued value		$ 29,500,000
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance \| shares		3,200,000
NSO Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options, outstanding \| shares		1,356,475	2,533,931
Exercise price stock options outstanding \| $ / shares		$ 0.000025	$ 0.000025
Contractual term		35 years
Intrinsic value of options exercised		$ 78,700,000	$ 43,100,000	28,800,000
ISO Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options, outstanding \| shares			0
Intrinsic value of options exercised			$ 3,800,000	14,400,000
ISO Plan [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized \| shares							11,153,872
2012 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options, outstanding \| shares			824,652
Exercise price stock options outstanding \| $ / shares			$ 4.26
Contractual term		10 years
Intrinsic value of options exercised		$ 17,500,000	$ 13,900,000	$ 11,200,000
Total requisite service period of awards		4 years
2012 Plan [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized \| shares						5,200,000
2017 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options, outstanding \| shares		4,875,562	4,203,482
Exercise price stock options outstanding \| $ / shares		$ 51.02	$ 45.68
2017 Plan [Member] \| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs \| $ / shares		$ 69.88
Number of vesting equal annual installments \| Installment		4
Compensation cost related to nonvested awards not yet recognized		$ 51,100,000
Weighted average period of recognition		2 years 1 month 6 days
Fair value of RSUs vested		$ 23,800,000
2017 Plan [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance \| shares					14,622,416

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity under NSO Plan (Detail) - NSO Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Number of options, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	2,533,931
Number of options, Exercised	(1,177,456)
Number of options, Forfeited	0
Number of options, Outstanding and exercisable, Ending Balance	1,356,475
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	$ 0.000025
Weighted average exercise price per share, Exercised	0.000025
Weighted average exercise price per share, Forfeited	0
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding and exercisable, Ending Balance	$ 0.000025
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding		16 years
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding and exercisable	15 years
Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding and exercisable	$ 104.9

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity under 2012 Plan (Detail) - 2012 Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Number of options, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	824,652
Number of options, Granted	0
Number of options, Exercised	(279,563)
Number of options, Forfeited	(1,200)
Number of options, Outstanding and exercisable, Ending Balance	543,889
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	$ 4.26
Weighted average exercise price per share, Granted	0
Weighted average exercise price per share, Exercised	4.46
Weighted average exercise price per share, Forfeited	5.18
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding and exercisable, Ending Balance	$ 4.15
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding		5 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding and exercisable	4 years
Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding and exercisable	$ 39.8

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Units Awarded (Detail) - 2017 Plan [Member] - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Number of RSUs, Outstanding Beginning Balance	1,154,936
Number of RSUs, Granted	579,464
Number of RSUs, Vested	(372,898)
Number of RSUs, Forfeited	(80,091)
Number of RSUs, Outstanding Ending Balance	1,281,411

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity under 2017 Plan (Detail) - 2017 Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Number of options, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	4,203,482
Number of options, Granted	887,431
Number of options, Exercised	(23,681)
Number of options, Forfeited	(191,670)
Number of options, Outstanding, Ending Balance	4,875,562	4,203,482
Number of options, Exercisable	24,542
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	$ 45.68
Weighted average exercise price per share, Granted	75.34
Weighted average exercise price per share, Exercised	42.49
Weighted average exercise price per share, Forfeited	47.50
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding, Ending Balance	51.02	$ 45.68
Weighted average exercise price per share, Exercisable	$ 33.46
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding	8 years 9 months 18 days	9 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Exercisable	8 years 1 month 6 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding	$ 130.1
Aggregate intrinsic value, Exercisable	$ 1.1

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Fair value of Company's Stock Options Granted (Detail) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value per share			$ 38.11
Expected volatility	35.00%		42.00%
Expected volatility, minimum		34.00%
Expected volatility, maximum		35.00%
Expected term (in years)	6 years 3 months	6 years 3 months	6 years 3 months
Risk-free interest rate			1.80%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	1.10%	0.46%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	1.20%	0.60%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value per share	$ 61.93	$ 29.22
Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value per share	$ 80.06	$ 57.72

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 44,549	$ 21,355	$ 8,528
Cost of Revenue - Software [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	5,619	2,473	1,069
Research and Development [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	16,561	8,372	2,917
Sales and marketing [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	15,044	6,423	2,250
General and Administrative [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 7,325	$ 4,087	$ 2,292

Income Taxes - Components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S	$ (27,850)	$ (22,127)	$ (14,732)
Non-U.S	27,562	24,159	18,120
(Loss) income before income taxes	$ (288)	$ 2,032	$ 3,388

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 940
-SubTopic 20
-Section 25
-Paragraph 1
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123384075&loc=d3e41242-110953

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123367319&loc=SL114868664-224227

Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 235
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399901&loc=d3e537907-122884

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8924-108599

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260

+ Details

Income Taxes - Significant Components of Income Tax Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current
U.S. Federal	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Non-U.S.	9,781	23,197	11,434
U.S. State and Local	227	(315)	446
Total current	10,008	22,882	11,880
Deferred
U.S. Federal	26	(881)	193
Non-U.S.	(1,550)	(9,849)	(1,143)
U.S. State and Local	22	380
Total deferred	(1,502)	(10,350)	(950)
Income tax expense	$ 8,506	$ 12,532	$ 10,930

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Taxes Calculated at U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. federal statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate	$ (60)	$ 427	$ 711
Foreign income taxes at rates other than the federal statutory rate	2,950	1,161	1,247
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit	(4,826)	(4,892)	(6,836)
U.S. effect of changes in tax laws		4,946
U.S. effect of foreign operations	1,827	1,205	8,609
Change in valuation allowance	20,212	5,215	18,138
Foreign withholding taxes	(4,545)	5,236	5,975
U.S. foreign tax credit and deduction	(288)	(1,308)	(7,059)
Research and development tax credit	(784)	2,576	(2,600)
Stock-based compensation	(12,791)	(5,034)	(4,628)
Other	753	825	(768)
Uncertain tax positions	6,058	2,175	(1,859)
Income tax expense	$ 8,506	$ 12,532	$ 10,930

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Tax cuts and jobs act, foreign income exemption criteria subject to corporate tax rate minimum percentage	90.00%
U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Gross unrecognized tax benefits recognized would affect the effective tax rate	$ 11.0
Reduction in unrecognized tax benefits which if recognized would not impact effective tax rate in next 12 months	0.2
Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits	1.0	$ 0.5	$ 3.4
Issuance of Convertible Debt [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Valuation allowance in other			$ 11.9
Univa [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Valuation allowance in other		$ 7.3
World Programming [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Valuation allowance in other	$ 2.9

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue	$ 12,217	$ 12,135
Net operating loss carryforwards	87,144	66,160
Tax credit carryforwards	26,035	26,299
Stock-based compensation	5,011	3,766
Capitalized research and development	4,408	6,472
Lease obligation	8,518	9,956
Employee benefits	6,460	5,980
Other	3,866	2,618
Total gross deferred tax assets	153,659	133,386
Less: valuation allowances	(119,981)	(96,831)
Net deferred tax assets	33,678	36,555
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid royalties		584
Property and equipment and intangibles	21,834	16,177
Deferred tax on investment in subsidiary	1,500	790
Lease right of use asset	8,283	9,610
Convertible debt, net of issuance costs	6,331	8,685
Other	2,624	1,612
Total deferred tax liabilities	40,572	37,458
Total net deferred tax (liabilities) assets	$ (6,894)	$ (903)

Income Taxes - Summary of Changes to Valuation Allowance Balance (Detail) - Valuation Allowance of Deferred Tax Assets [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Valuation Allowance [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 96,831	$ 84,356	$ 78,155
Additions charged to expense	20,212	5,215	18,138
Other	2,938	7,260	(11,937)
Balance at end of year	$ 119,981	$ 96,831	$ 84,356

Income Taxes - Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards (Detail) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Foreign general business credits and loss carryforwards, expiration year	2022-Indefinite
U.S. foreign tax credits, expiration year	2027
U.S. foreign tax credits	$ 4,442
Total operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	113,179
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Credits and loss carryforwards	$ 17,593
General Business Tax Credit Carryforward [Member]
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
U.S. general business credits and loss carryforwards, expiration year	2022-Indefinite
Credits and loss carryforwards	$ 91,144

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits-January 1	$ 8,310	$ 12,114	$ 13,743
Additions (reductions) for tax positions of current period	1,042	209	50
Additions for tax positions of prior periods	8,983	1,849	600
Reductions for tax positions of prior periods	(1,934)	(5,862)	(2,117)
Reductions due to statute of limitations	(25)		(162)
Unrecognized tax benefits—December 31	$ 16,376	$ 8,310	$ 12,114

Net Loss Per Share - Computation of Numerators and Denominators Used in Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share Amounts (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (8,794)	$ (10,500)	$ (7,542)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic loss per share — weighted average shares	76,179	73,241	71,544
Denominator for dilutive loss per share	76,179	73,241	71,544
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$ (0.12)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.11)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Anti-dilutive Shares Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Detail) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	4,980	3,123	5,710
Stock Options and ESPP [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	3,425	3,123	5,710
Convertible Shares [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	1,555

Net Loss Per Share - Additional Information (Detail) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2019
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member]
Earnings Per Share Basic [Line Items]
Debt instrument convertible initial conversion price per share of common stock	$ 46.50	$ 46.50

Retirement Benefits - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Funded percentage	80.00%
Defined Benefit Plan, Contributions by Employer	$ 1,600	$ 1,600	$ 1,600
Net benefit cost	3,000	2,700	1,800
Benefit obligation benefits paid	400	500	$ 400
Accumulated benefit obligation	10,000	8,700
Defined benefit plan, benefit obligation	$ 15,736	$ 15,154

Retirement Benefits - Schedule of Pension Benefits Obligation (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Pension Plan [Abstract]
Accrued compensation and benefits	$ 650	$ 657
Other long-term liabilities	15,086	14,497
Components of pension benefits	$ 15,736	$ 15,154

Retirement Benefits - Schedule of Estimated Future Benefit Payments (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan Estimated Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
December 31, 2022	$ 689
December 31, 2023	810
December 31, 2024	768
December 31, 2025	737
December 31, 2026	894
Next five years	$ 4,982

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 378,586	$ 354,707	$ 293,686
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	(7,056)	7,281	1,957
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	1,199	(858)	(179)
Tax effects	(296)	308	(16)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(6,153)	6,731	1,762
Ending balance	613,197	378,586	354,707
Foreign Currency Translation [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	854	(6,928)	(8,823)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	(7,254)	7,782	1,895
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(7,254)	7,782	1,895
Ending balance	(6,400)	854	(6,928)
Retirement Related Benefit Plans [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(3,651)	(2,600)	(2,467)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	198	(501)	62
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	1,199	(858)	(179)
Tax effects	(296)	308	(16)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	1,101	(1,051)	(133)
Ending balance	(2,550)	(3,651)	(2,600)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(2,797)	(9,528)	(11,290)
Ending balance	$ (8,950)	$ (2,797)	$ (9,528)

- Definition

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Amount of tax expense (benefit) allocated to other comprehensive income (loss).

+ References

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- Definition

Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.

+ References

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+ Details

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 03, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2016
Software and Other [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Royalty fees		$ 10.9	$ 10.4	$ 10.6
NC Judgement [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss contingency damages awarded value					$ 79.1
NC Judgement [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Outstanding loss contingency damages paid	$ 65.9

Commitments and Contingencies - Future Purchase Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2022	$ 96,139
2023	7,476
2024	4,047
2025	3,664
2026	1,654
Total	$ 112,980

Segment Information - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
Segment Information - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2021 Segment Customer	Dec. 31, 2020 Customer	Dec. 31, 2019 Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| Segment	2
Number of individual customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue \| Customer	0	0	0
Product Concentration Risk [Member] \| Sales Revenue, Net [Member] \| Automotive Industry [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Concentration of credit risk, percentage	33.00%	36.00%	40.00%

Segment Information - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 532,179	$ 469,921	$ 458,915
Adjusted EBITDA	85,253	57,288	39,549
Software [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	485,569	418,165	401,278
Adjusted EBITDA	82,845	53,820	38,834
CES [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	39,282	44,320	48,987
Adjusted EBITDA	4,723	5,129	5,255
All Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	7,328	7,436	8,650
Adjusted EBITDA	$ (2,315)	$ (1,661)	$ (4,540)

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Segment Information - Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes to Adjusted EBITDA (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 85,253	$ 57,288	$ 39,549
Stock-based compensation expense	(44,549)	(21,355)	(8,528)
Interest expense	(12,065)	(11,598)	(6,371)
Depreciation and amortization	(25,644)	(23,806)	(21,522)
Restructuring expense	(5,053)
Special adjustments, interest income and other	1,770	1,503	260
(Loss) income before income taxes	$ (288)	$ 2,032	$ 3,388

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Segment Information - Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes to Adjusted EBITDA (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Proceeds from settlements related to historical acquisition		$ 1.0
Severance expense		$ 0.6	$ 0.4
Acquisition related costs			0.6
Currency gains on acquisition-related intercompany loans	$ 1.2
Impairment charge recognized in adjustment for royalty contracts			$ 1.0

Segment Information - Summary of Sales to External Customers and Long-Lived Assets by Geographical Areas (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 532,179	$ 469,921	$ 458,915
Long-lived assets (1)	128,635	101,316
United States [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	259,344	233,611	219,053
Long-lived assets (1)	54,559	60,479
Other American Countries [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	12,249	12,127	14,753
Long-lived assets (1)	8,777	8,378
Americas [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	271,593	245,738	233,806
Long-lived assets (1)	63,336	68,857
Germany [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	52,227	48,559	50,102
Long-lived assets (1)	7,212	9,201
France [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	19,694	15,287	17,210
Long-lived assets (1)	1,155	1,078
Other Europe, Middle East and Africa Countries [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	52,264	49,403	49,312
Long-lived assets (1)	48,474	11,730
Europe Middle East And Africa [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	124,185	113,249	116,624
Long-lived assets (1)	56,841	22,009
Japan [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	42,322	41,109	37,757
Long-lived assets (1)	1,346	2,009
Other Asia Pacific Countries [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	94,079	69,825	70,728
Long-lived assets (1)	7,112	8,441
Asia Pacific [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue	136,401	110,934	$ 108,485
Long-lived assets (1)	$ 8,458	$ 10,450

Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Detail) - Subsequent Event [Member] - New Stock Repurchase Program [Member] $ in Millions	Feb. 24, 2022 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares authorized to be repurchased amount	$ 50.0
Authorization description	(1) the new stock repurchase program shall continue until the earlier of the date an aggregate of $50.0 million of common stock has been repurchased , or until suspended or terminated by the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion; and (2) all shares of common stock repurchased pursuant to the new program shall be retired and be available for use and reissuance for purposes as and when determined by the Board of Directors including, without limitation, pursuant to the Company's 2017 Equity Incentive Plan and the Company’s 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares authorized to be repurchased amount	$ 50.0