0000950170-23-004281 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 13, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Document And Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	ALTR
Entity Registrant Name	ALTAIR ENGINEERING INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001701732
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Public Float			$ 2.7
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity File Number	001-38263
Entity Tax Identification Number	38-2591828
Entity Address, Address Line One	1820 East Big Beaver Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Troy
Entity Address, State or Province	MI
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	48083
City Area Code	248
Local Phone Number	614-2400
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock $0.0001 par value per share
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Auditor Name	Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Firm ID	42
Auditor Location	Detroit, Michigan
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement relating to the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, scheduled to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Document And Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		52,393,695
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Document And Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		27,674,574

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 316,146	$ 413,743
Accounts receivable, net	170,279	137,561
Income tax receivable	11,259	9,388
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	29,142	27,529
Total current assets	526,826	588,221
Property and equipment, net	37,517	40,478
Operating lease right of use assets	33,601	28,494
Goodwill	449,048	370,178
Other intangible assets, net	107,609	99,057
Deferred tax assets	9,727	8,495
Other long-term assets	40,410	28,352
TOTAL ASSETS	1,204,738	1,163,275
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	10,434	6,647
Accrued compensation and benefits	42,456	42,307
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	10,396	9,933
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	56,371	122,226
Deferred revenue	113,081	93,160
Convertible senior notes, net	0	199,705
Total current liabilities	232,738	473,978
Convertible senior notes, net	305,604	0
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	24,065	19,550
Deferred revenue, non-current	31,379	12,872
Other long-term liabilities	41,216	42,894
TOTAL LIABILITIES	635,002	549,294
Commitments and contingencies
MEZZANINE EQUITY	0	784
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock ($0.0001 par value), authorized 45,000 shares, none issued or outstanding	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	721,307	724,226
Accumulated deficit	(121,577)	(102,087)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(30,002)	(8,950)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	569,736	613,197
TOTAL LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	1,204,738	1,163,275
Class A Common Stock [Member]
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock	5	5
Class B Common Stock [Member]
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock	$ 3	$ 3

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	45,000,000	45,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	513,796,572	513,797,000
Common stock, shares issued	52,277,000	51,524,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	52,277,000	51,524,000
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	41,203,428	41,203,000
Common stock, shares issued	27,745,000	27,745,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	27,745,000	27,745,000

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Total revenue	$ 572,221	$ 532,179	$ 469,921
Total cost of revenue	122,889	129,666	121,305
Gross profit	449,332	402,513	348,616
Operating expenses
Research and development	185,863	151,049	126,081
Sales and marketing	155,245	132,750	111,440
General and administrative	97,606	91,500	86,432
Amortization of intangible assets	27,510	18,357	16,376
Other operating income, net	(9,955)	(3,482)	(3,426)
Total operating expenses	456,269	390,174	336,903
Operating (loss) income	(6,937)	12,339	11,713
Interest expense	4,377	12,065	11,598
Other expense (income), net	16,899	562	(1,917)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(28,213)	(288)	2,032
Income tax expense	15,216	8,506	12,532
Net loss	$ (43,429)	$ (8,794)	$ (10,500)
Loss per share:
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic	$ (0.55)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.14)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted	$ (0.55)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.14)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per share, basic	79,472	76,179	73,241
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per share, diluted	79,472	76,179	73,241
Total Software and Related Services [Member]
Total revenue	$ 537,169	$ 485,569	$ 418,165
Total cost of revenue	94,301	90,996	79,568
License [Member]
Total revenue	363,520	324,808	259,965
Total cost of revenue	20,497	19,929	19,637
Maintenance and Other Services [Member]
Total revenue	142,988	128,938	131,746
Total cost of revenue	51,946	47,862	38,688
Total Software [Member]
Total revenue	506,508	453,746	391,711
Total cost of revenue	72,443	67,791	58,325
Software Related Services [Member]
Total revenue	30,661	31,823	26,454
Total cost of revenue	21,858	23,205	21,243
Client Engineering Services [Member]
Total revenue	28,883	39,282	44,320
Total cost of revenue	23,577	31,710	35,684
Other [Member]
Total revenue	6,169	7,328	7,436
Total cost of revenue	$ 5,011	$ 6,960	$ 6,053

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (43,429)	$ (8,794)	$ (10,500)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation (net of tax effect of $0 for all periods)	(24,084)	(7,254)	7,782
Retirement related benefit plans (net of tax effect of $(308), $(296) and $308, respectively)	3,032	1,101	(1,051)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(21,052)	(6,153)	6,731
Comprehensive loss	$ (64,481)	$ (14,947)	$ (3,769)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation, tax effect	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Retirement related benefit plans, tax effect	$ (308)	$ (296)	$ 308

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Common Stock [Member] Class A Common Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member] Class B Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member] Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 354,707	$ (388)	$ 4	$ 3	$ 446,633		$ (82,405)	$ (388)	$ (9,528)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			41,271	31,131
Net loss	(10,500)						(10,500)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	0
Reclassification of mezzanine equity to permanent equity	1,568				1,568
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions	3,504				3,504
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions (in shares)			230
Exercise of stock options and other	1,710				1,710
Exercise of stock options and other (in shares)			1,472
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)			223
Conversion from Class B to Class A common stock			1,020	(1,020)
Stock-based compensation	21,254				21,254
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	7,782								7,782
Retirement related benefit plans, net of tax	(1,051)								(1,051)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020	378,586		$ 4	$ 3	474,669		(93,293)		(2,797)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020			44,216	30,111
Net loss	(8,794)						(8,794)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	0
Issuance of common stock in private placement, net of issuance costs	199,872		$ 1		199,871
Issuance of common stock in private placement, net of issuance costs (in shares)			2,936
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions	3,690				3,690
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions (in shares)			155
Exercise of stock options	2,262				2,262
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			1,478
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)			373
Conversion from Class B to Class A common stock			2,366	(2,366)
Stock-based compensation	43,734				43,734
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	(7,254)								(7,254)
Retirement related benefit plans, net of tax	1,101								1,101
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	613,197		$ 5	$ 3	724,226		(102,087)		(8,950)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			51,524	27,745
Net loss	(43,429)						(43,429)
Settlement of convertible senior notes	(29,756)				(29,756)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock, Shares			(461)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	(19,659)				(21,658)
Reclassification of mezzanine equity to permanent equity	784				784
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions	224				224
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions (in shares)			111
Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase program (in shares)			185
Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase program	8,723				8,723
Exercise of stock options	3,577				3,577
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			440
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)			478
Stock-based compensation	85,196				85,196
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	(24,084)								(24,084)
Retirement related benefit plans, net of tax	3,032								3,032
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 569,736	$ (26,070)	$ 5	$ 3	$ 721,307	$ (50,009)	$ (121,577)	$ 23,939	$ (30,002)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			52,277	27,745

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (43,429)	$ (8,794)	$ (10,500)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	35,504	25,644	23,806
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	1,792	11,428	10,829
Stock-based compensation expense	84,787	44,549	21,355
Deferred income taxes	(4,164)	(1,502)	(10,350)
Gain on mark-to-market adjustment of contingent consideration	(7,153)	0	0
Expense on repurchase of convertible senior notes	16,621	0	0
Other, net	387	1,271	1,377
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(34,175)	(15,645)	(11,032)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,014	(9,026)	(2,131)
Other long-term assets	2,852	(6,682)	(4,527)
Accounts payable	3,771	(3,857)	(1,839)
Accrued compensation and benefits	280	7,761	1,985
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	(59,463)	6,365	5,629
Deferred revenue	40,946	10,111	8,280
Net cash provided by operating activities	39,570	61,623	32,882
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Payments for acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(134,541)	(53,983)	(41,028)
Capital expenditures	(9,648)	(7,849)	(6,093)
Other investing activities, net	(10,322)	(650)	(1,971)
Net cash used in investing activities	(154,511)	(62,482)	(49,092)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of underwriters' discounts and commissions	224,265	0	0
Repurchase of convertible senior notes	(192,422)	0	0
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	(19,659)	0	0
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan contributions	8,976	4,222	0
Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options	3,577	2,262	1,710
Payments for issuance costs of convertible senior notes	(1,523)	0	0
Proceeds from private placement of common stock	0	200,000	0
Payments on revolving commitment	0	(30,000)	0
Borrowings under revolving commitment	0	0	30,000
Other financing activities	(233)	(537)	(460)
Net cash provided by financing activities	22,981	175,947	31,250
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(5,094)	(2,623)	3,010
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(97,054)	172,465	18,050
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	414,012	241,547	223,497
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	316,958	414,012	241,547
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow:
Interest paid	2,425	633	731
Income taxes paid	8,941	9,168	12,666
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Promissory notes issued and deferred payment obligations for acquisitions	1,350	86,936	1,266
Property and equipment in accounts payable and other current liabilities	659	1,056	1,671
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisitions	224	3,690	3,504
Finance leases	$ 0	$ 9	$ 118

Description of Business

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business

1. Description of business

Altair Engineering Inc. (“Altair” or the “Company”) is incorporated in the state of Delaware. The Company is a global leader in computational science and artificial intelligence enabling organizations across broad industry segments to drive smarter decisions in an increasingly connected world. Altair deliver’s software and cloud solutions in the areas of simulation, high-performance computing (“HPC”), data analytics, and artificial intelligence (“AI”). Altair’s products and services leverage computational science to drive innovation and intelligent decisions for a more connected, safe, and sustainable future. The Company is based in Troy, Michigan.

The Company’s simulation and AI-driven approach to innovation is powered by the Company’s broad portfolio of high-fidelity and high-performance physics solvers, our market leading technology for optimization and HPC, and our end-to-end platform for developing AI and Internet of Things (“IoT”) solutions. The Company’s integrated suite of software optimizes design performance across multiple disciplines encompassing structures, motion, fluids, thermal management, electromagnetics, system modeling, and embedded systems, while also providing AI solutions and true-to-life visualization and rendering. The Company's HPC solutions maximize the efficient utilization of complex compute resources and streamline the workflow management of compute-intensive tasks for applications including AI, modeling and simulation, and visualization. Altair's data analytics, AI, and IoT products include data preparation, data science, MLOps, orchestration, and visualization solutions that fuel engineering, scientific, and business decisions.

Altair also provides Client Engineering Services to support its customers with long-term ongoing product design and development expertise. This has the benefit of embedding the Company within customers, deepening its understanding of their processes, and allowing the Company to quickly perceive trends in the overall market, helping the Company to better tailor its software products’ research and development and sales initiatives. The Company hires engineers and data scientists for placement at a customer site for specific customer-directed assignments.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its significant estimates including the stand alone selling price, or SSP, for each distinct performance obligation included in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations, the incremental borrowing rate used in the valuation of lease liabilities, fair value of convertible senior notes, provision for expected credit losses, tax valuation allowances, liabilities for uncertain tax provisions, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, retirement obligations, useful lives of intangible assets, revenue for fixed price contracts, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign currency translation

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is their respective local currency. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date. Equity balances and transactions are translated using historical exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity.

All assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency with gains and losses recognized in foreign currency losses, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has no transactions which hedge purchase commitments and no intercompany balances which are designated as being of a long-term investment in nature.

Revenue recognition

Software revenue

Revenue is derived principally from the licensing of software products and from related maintenance contracts. The Company enters into contracts that include combinations of products, maintenance and services, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns.

Revenue from term-based software licenses is classified as software revenue. Term-based licenses are sold only as a bundled arrangement that includes the rights to a term-based software license and post-contract customer support (PCS), which includes unspecified technical enhancements and customer support. Maximizing the use of observable inputs, the Company determined that a majority of the estimated standalone selling prices of the term-based license is attributable to the term-based license and a minority is attributable to the PCS. The license component is classified as license revenue and recognized as revenue upon the later of delivery of the licensed product or the beginning of the license period. PCS is classified as maintenance and other services and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company provides the PCS benefit over time as a stand ready to perform obligation.

In addition to term-based software licenses, the Company sells perpetual licenses. Software revenue is recognized upon the later of delivery of the licensed product or the beginning of the license period. Typically, the Company’s perpetual licenses are sold with PCS. The Company allocates value in bundled perpetual and PCS arrangements based on the value relationship between the software license and maintenance. Revenue from PCS is classified as maintenance and other services and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company satisfies the PCS performance obligation over time as a stand ready to perform obligation.

Revenue from training, consulting and other services is recognized as the services are performed and is classified as maintenance and other services in the consolidated statement of operations. For contracts in which the service consists of a single performance obligation, such as providing a training class to a customer, the Company recognizes revenue upon completion of the performance obligation. For service contracts that are longer in duration and often include multiple performance obligations (for example, point-in-time training and consulting), the Company measures the progress toward completion of the obligations and recognizes revenue accordingly. In measuring progress towards the completion of performance obligations, the Company typically utilizes output-based estimates for services with fixed fee arrangements, and estimates output based on the total tasks completed as compared to the total tasks required for each contract. Input-based estimates are utilized for services that involve general consultations with contractual billing arrangements based on time and materials, utilizing direct labor as the input measure.

The Company also executes arrangements through indirect channel partners in which the channel partners are authorized to market and distribute the Company's software products to end users of the Company's products and services in specified territories. In sales facilitated by channel partners, the channel partner bears the risk of collection from the end-user customer. The Company recognizes revenue from transactions with channel partners in a manner consistent with the direct sales described above for both perpetual and term-based licenses. Revenue from channel partner transactions is the amount remitted to the Company by the channel partners. This amount includes a fee for PCS that is compensation for providing technical enhancements and the second level of technical support to the end user, which is recognized over the period that PCS is to be provided. The Company does not offer right of return, product rotation, or price protection to any of its channel partners.

Non-income related taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as accounts receivable, net and other accrued expenses and current liabilities. These amounts are reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of operations and do not impact reported revenues or expenses. Certain hardware revenue is included within software revenue and is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria stated above are met, which is generally when the products are delivered to end customers.

Software related services

Consulting services from product design and development projects are considered distinct performance obligations and are provided to customers on a time-and-materials (“T&M”) or fixed-price basis. The Company recognizes software services revenue for T&M contracts based upon hours worked and contractually agreed upon hourly rates using the input method. Revenue from fixed-price engagements is recognized using the output method based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated project costs.

Client engineering services

Client engineering services revenue are derived from professional services for staffing primarily representing engineers and data scientists located at a customer site. These professional services are considered distinct performance obligations and are provided to customers on a T&M basis. The Company recognizes this revenue for T&M contracts based upon hours worked and contractually agreed upon hourly rates using the input method.

Other

Other revenue includes product revenue from the sale of LED products primarily for the replacement of fluorescent tubes. Revenue from the sale of LED products is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria stated above are met, which is generally when the products are delivered to resellers or to end customers. Sales returns, which reduce revenue, are estimated using historical experience.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Equipment held under capital leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments less accumulated amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense in the period incurred. Major expenditures for betterments are capitalized when they meet the criteria for capitalization. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations in the period realized.

Building and improvements is depreciated over an estimated useful life of five to thirty-nine years. Computer equipment and software is depreciated over an estimated useful life of three to five years. Office furniture and equipment is depreciated over an estimated useful life of five to fifteen years. Leasehold improvements and assets acquired under capital leases are amortized over the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset or improvement, whichever is shorter.

Software development costs

Software development costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are expensed as incurred. Technological feasibility is established upon the completion of a detailed program design. Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and ends when the product is available for general release. Generally, the time between the establishment of technological feasibility and commercial release of software is short. As such, all internal software development costs have been expensed as incurred and included in research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, and definite-lived intangible assets, including developed technology and customer relationships, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company compares the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models and third-party independent appraisals. No impairment losses were recognized in 2022, 2021, or 2020.

Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred for an acquired entity over the estimated fair values of the net tangible assets and the identifiable assets acquired. As described in Note 4 – Acquisitions, the Company has recorded goodwill in connection with certain acquisitions. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

The Company has determined that there is one reporting unit with goodwill subject to goodwill impairment testing. An entity has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount prior to performing the quantitative two-step impairment test.

The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount prior to performing the quantitative two-step impairment test. The qualitative assessment evaluates various events and circumstances, such as macro-economic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, relevant events and financial trends that may impact a reporting unit’s fair value. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test.

The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment dates. For 2022, the Company performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit with goodwill was less than the carrying amounts. Accordingly, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired.

The Company performs its annual impairment review of indefinite-lived intangibles in the fourth quarter of each year and when a triggering event occurs between annual reporting dates. In 2022, the Company performed a qualitative assessment of indefinite-lived trade names and determined there was no indication of impairment. Accordingly, no impairment charges were recognized in 2022.

Government assistance

The Company receives incentives from federal, state and local governments in different regions of the world to primarily encourage the Company to establish, maintain, or increase investment or employment in the region. Government incentives are recorded in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with their purpose as a reduction of expense or other income based on the substance of the incentive received. Benefits are generally recorded when the conditions of the grant are met, there is reasonable assurance of receipt and amounts are recorded in earnings as the expenses in which the incentive is meant to offset are incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Other operating income includes $3.0 million of government related funding.

Receivable for R&D credit

The French government provides a research and development (“R&D”) tax credit known as Credit Impôt Recherche, or CIR, in order to encourage Companies to invest in R&D. The tax credit is deductible from the French income tax and any excess is carried forward for three years. After three years, any unused credit may be reimbursed to the Company by the French government. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $10.0 million receivables from the French government related to CIR, of which $3.1 million is recorded in income tax receivable and the remaining $6.9 million is recorded in other long-term assets. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $12.0 million receivables from the French government related to CIR, of which $3.5 million was recorded in income tax receivable and the remaining $8.5 million was recorded in other long-term assets. CIR is subject to customary audit by the French tax authorities.

Other Investments

Other investments include non-marketable equity investments in privately held companies, which do not have readily determinable fair values, and in which the Company does not have a controlling interest or significant influence. The Company applies the measurement alternative for non-marketable equity securities, measuring them at cost, less any impairment. These investments are presented within other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets and are periodically analyzed to determine whether there are indicators of impairment.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent it believes that these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which increase the provision for income taxes. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing and reversal of existing temporary differences, ability to carryback losses, and tax planning strategies. If based upon the evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. A valuation allowance is recognized to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that management believes is more likely than not to be realized.

The Company applies a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to its accounting for tax uncertainties. The Company reviews all of its tax positions and makes determinations as to whether its tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. Only those benefits that have a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities are recognized. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recorded in the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits of research and development employees and costs incurred related to the development of new software products and significant enhancements and engineering changes to existing software products.

Advertising costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were $5.0 million, $4.3 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Assets held for sale

Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Depreciation expense is not recognized on assets held for sale. On December 19, 2022, the Company signed a letter of intent to sell an office building in Korea. As of December 31, 2022, the building and related assets of $2.7 million were classified as held for sale and presented in Prepaid expenses and other current assets. The sale of the building was finalized in February 2023.

Mezzanine equity

In 2017, the Company issued 200,000 shares of Class A common stock to a third-party as partial consideration for the purchase of developed technology. These shares had a put right that could be exercised by the holder five years from date of purchase at $12.50 per share that required the shares to be recorded at fair value and classified as mezzanine equity in the consolidated balance sheet.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the third-party holder sold 133,336 shares on the open market and as a result, the issuance value of those shares was reclassified into permanent equity from mezzanine equity. As of December 31, 2022, the put right had lapsed and the issuance date fair value of the remaining 66,664 shares were reclassified into permanent equity from mezzanine equity.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other accrued expenses and current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not receive any lease concessions related to COVID-19 that had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Stock-based compensation

Employee stock-based awards, consisting of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) shares expected to be settled by issuing shares of Class A common stock, are recorded as equity awards. The fair value of stock options and ESPP shares on the date of grant is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company expenses the grant date fair value of its time-vested stock options subject to graded vesting using the straight-line method over the applicable service period. The Company expenses the fair value of ESPP shares over the offering period. The fair value of RSUs is measured using the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of RSUs is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally four years.

Business combinations

The Company accounts for business acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting. The fair value of purchase consideration of the acquired businesses is allocated to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations.

Recent accounting guidance

Accounting standards adopted

Debt – In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating certain separation models. Under ASU 2020-06, a convertible debt instrument will generally be reported as a single liability at its amortized cost with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The update also requires the if-converted method to be used for convertible instruments and the effect of potential share settlement be included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when an instrument may be settled in cash or shares. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective as of January 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective approach. Adoption of the new standard resulted in a decrease to accumulated deficit of $23.9 million, a decrease to additional paid-in capital of $50.0 million, and an increase to convertible senior notes, net of $26.1 million. Interest expense recognized in the current and future periods will be reduced as a result of accounting for the convertible debt instrument as a single liability measured at its amortized cost.

Government Assistance– In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This ASU requires certain disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. The amendment requires disclosure of information about the nature of the transactions and the related accounting policy used to account for the transactions, information regarding the line items within the consolidated financial statements that are affected by the transactions, and significant terms and conditions of the transactions. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 on a prospective basis effective January 1, 2022. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards not yet adopted

Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04. Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another rate that is expected to be discontinued. The amendments in the guidance are optional and effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In October 2022, the FASB Board voted to amend the sunset date of ASU 2020-04 to December 31, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

3. Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue recognition

Software revenue

Software related services revenue

Client engineering services and Other revenue

Significant judgments

Software revenue

The Company’s contracts with customers typically include promises to transfer licenses and services to a customer. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations within the context of the arrangement, and if so, the allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation. The Company’s determination of standalone selling price for performance obligations is based on the midpoint of the range of historical observable prices for goods and services sold separately. In addition, the Company estimates the standalone selling price for certain performance obligations where observable prices are not directly available, or a significant portion of historical prices are not within the range. In instances where standalone selling price was not determined based on the range of historical observable prices for goods and services sold separately, the Company used an adjusted market assessment approach to estimate the standalone selling price. In such cases the Company has considered market conditions and other observable inputs, such as internal price lists, peer data, and industry data for a similar or identical product. The Company estimates standalone selling price at contract inception considering all information that is reasonably available and is based on the amount of consideration for which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised good or service to the customer. The corresponding revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied.

The Company’s contracts do not include a significant financing component requiring adjustment to the transaction price. Payment terms vary by contract type; however, arrangements typically stipulate a requirement for the customer to pay within 30 to 60 days.

The Company rarely enters into agreements to modify previously executed contracts, which constitute contract modifications. The Company assesses each of these contract modifications to determine (i) if the additional products and services are distinct from the products and services in the original arrangement; and (ii) if the amount of consideration expected for the added products and services reflects the stand-alone selling price of those products and services, as adjusted for contract-specific circumstances. A contract modification meeting both criteria is accounted for as a separate contract. A contract modification not meeting both criteria is considered a change to the original contract and is accounted for on either (i) a prospective basis as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract; or (ii) a cumulative catch-up basis. Generally, the Company’s contract modifications meet both criteria and are accounted for as a separate contract, as adjusted for contract-specific circumstances.

Disaggregation of revenue

The Company disaggregates its revenue by type of performance obligation and timing of revenue recognition as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Term licenses and other (1)	$	320,181	$	283,226	$	224,472
Perpetual licenses		43,339		41,582		35,493
Maintenance		135,752		122,733		117,159
Professional software services (1)		7,236		6,205		14,587
Software related services		30,661		31,823		26,454
Client engineering services		28,883		39,282		44,320
Other		6,169		7,328		7,436
Total revenue	$	572,221	$	532,179	$	469,921

(1)

Term licenses and other includes hardware revenue of $7 million and $9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and was reported in License revenue. Professional software services includes hardware revenue of $10 million for the year ended December 31 2020, and was reported in Maintenance and other services revenue.

The Company derived approximately 13.9%, 12.0% and 11.2% of its total revenue through indirect sales channels for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Costs to obtain a contract

The Company pays commissions for new software product and PCS sales as well as for renewals of existing software and PCS contracts. Commissions paid to obtain renewal contracts are not commensurate with the commissions paid for new product sales and therefore, a portion of the commissions paid for new contracts relate to future renewals.

The Company accounts for new product sales commissions using a portfolio approach and allocates the cost of commissions in proportion to the allocation of the transaction price of license and PCS performance obligations. Commissions allocated to the license and license renewal components are expensed at the time the license revenue is recognized. Commissions allocated to PCS are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of four years, reflecting the Company’s estimate of the expected period that it will benefit from those commissions. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, capitalized costs to obtain a contract were $3.9 million and $4.5 million recorded in Prepaid and other current assets and $0.4 million and $0.4 million recorded in Other long-term assets. Sales commissions were $8.3 million and $7.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and were included in sales and marketing expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Contract assets

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, contract assets were $6.3 million and $3.8 million included in Accounts receivable and $2.3 million and $2.3 million included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from software license, PCS and professional services agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to customers. Payment terms vary by the type and location of customer and the products or services offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. The Company generally invoices its customers annually for the forthcoming year of software licenses, and more frequently for other products and services. Accordingly, the Company’s deferred revenue balance does not include revenue for future years of multiple year non-cancellable contracts that have not yet been billed.

Approximately $89.4 million of revenue recognized during 2022 was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the year.

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted revenue not yet recognized was $171.1 million and $146.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Of the amount recorded as of December 31, 2022, the Company expects to recognize approximately 73% over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

4. Acquisitions

2022 Acquisitions

RapidMiner

In September 2022, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with RapidMiner, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“RapidMiner”), and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). RapidMiner's low-code platform is used to develop production-scale data pipelines and ML model. It provides drag-and-drop building blocks to transform and augment data. The acquisition of RapidMiner adds to the Company’s end-to-end data analytics portfolio.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of RapidMiner and completed the acquisition of RapidMiner through the merger of the Merger Sub with and into RapidMiner, with RapidMiner surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

The preliminary aggregate merger consideration was $98.6 million in cash, subject to customary working capital arrangements. The Company financed the acquisition with cash on hand.

The acquisition of RapidMiner has been accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting, which results in acquired assets and assumed liabilities being measured at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase consideration transferred to acquire RapidMiner and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):


Fair value of consideration transferred	$	98,594
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash		3,530
Accounts receivable		3,548
Other assets		3,088
Deferred tax assets		782
Trade names (7-year life)		802
Developed technology (5-year life)		8,884
Customer relationships (7-year life)		5,711
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(2,844	)
Deferred revenue		(1,584	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		21,917
Goodwill (1)	$	76,677

(1)

Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

The primary areas that remain preliminary relate to the fair value of intangible assets acquired, certain tangible assets and liabilities acquired, income taxes and residual goodwill. The Company expects to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition date.

Concept Engineering

In June 2022, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement and simultaneously acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Concept Engineering, a leading provider of electronic system visualization software that accelerates the development, manufacture, and service of complex electrical and electronic systems, for preliminary aggregate consideration of $25.3 million. The Company financed the acquisition with cash on hand. See Note 11 for further information on post-combination stock-based compensation expense related to this acquisition. Concept Engineering’s software will be integrated into Altair’s Electronic System Design suite and will be available via Altair Units.

The acquisition of Concept Engineering has been accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting, which results in acquired assets and assumed liabilities being measured at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase consideration transferred to acquire Concept Engineering and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):


Fair value of consideration transferred	$	25,325
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	2,468
Accounts receivable		1,552
Other assets		418
Developed technology (4-year life)		7,620
Customer relationships (7-year life)		3,315
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(393	)
Deferred revenue		(624	)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves		(3,919	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		10,437
Goodwill (1)	$	14,888

(1)

Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

Other business acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed three other business acquisitions that were accounted for as business combinations under the acquisition method. The preliminary transaction consideration of $18.0 million was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values. The allocation included $11.6 million to developed technology, $2.7 million to customer relationships, $(0.9) million to net liabilities acquired and $4.6 million to goodwill, of which approximately $3.2 million is deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment. The Company expects to finalize the valuations as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the acquisition dates. These acquisitions were financed with cash on hand. The operating results of each acquisition have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the respective dates of acquisition. The Company’s transaction costs related to its 2022 acquisitions were not material.

2021 Acquisitions

World Programming

In December 2021, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of two related privately held companies, World Programming Limited and December 2015 Software Limited (together “World Programming”), from the stockholders named therein, for aggregate consideration of $73.2 million. The consideration consisted of cash in the amount of $50.0 million, subject to a customary working capital adjustment, and contingent consideration of $23.2 million, including $19.7 million of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (the “Contingent Stock Consideration”) and a measurement period adjustment of $3.5 million recognized in 2022. The dates on which the Contingent Stock Consideration is issuable and the number of shares issuable on such dates depend primarily on certain aspects of legal proceedings in which World Programming and SAS Institute, Inc. are engaged. For further information on the legal proceedings see Note 16.

The Company is required to mark-to-market the Contingent Stock Consideration liability based on the trading price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a gain of $7.2 million on the mark-to-market adjustment of contingent consideration, which is included in Other operating income, net in the consolidated statement of operations.

In addition, per the stock purchase agreement, $29.5 million of Class A Common Stock will be issued subject to the continuing employment of certain key employees and are not reflected in aggregate consideration but will be recognized as stock-based compensation over the service period of three years.

The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting, which results in acquired assets and assumed liabilities being measured at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date, which was finalized in 2022. The following table summarizes the purchase consideration transferred to acquire World Programming and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):


Fair value of consideration transferred	$	73,243
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	1,895
Accounts receivable		5,656
Other assets		5,756
Property and equipment		2,209
Trade names (4-year life)		300
Developed technology (5-year life)		33,000
Customer relationships (7-year life)		7,000
SAS legal liability		(66,596	)
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(3,401	)
Deferred revenue		(2,737	)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves		(11,406	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		(28,324	)
Goodwill (1)	$	101,567

(1)

Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

Other

The allocation of fair value of purchase consideration for the Company’s other 2021 acquisition was finalized during 2022. There were no changes to the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as previously reported.

Supplementary Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Supplementary Information [Abstract]

Supplementary Information

5. Supplementary Information

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Restricted cash is included in Other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	316,146	$	413,743
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets		812		269
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	316,958	$	414,012

Restricted cash represents amounts required for a contractual agreement with an insurer for the payment of potential health insurance claims, and term deposits for bank guarantees.

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Accounts receivable, trade	$	163,989	$	133,717
Contract assets		6,290		3,844
Accounts receivable, net	$	170,279	$	137,561

A provision for expected credit losses for groups of billed and unbilled receivables and contract assets that share similar risk characteristics is recorded based on an evaluation of historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accounts are written off when it becomes apparent that such amounts will not be collected, generally when amounts are past due by greater than one year. Generally, the Company does not require collateral or charge interest on accounts receivable. Accounts receivable were reported net of a provision for credit loss of $2.6 million and $2.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Activity in the provision for credit loss was as follows (in thousands):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	(2,539	)	$	(2,559	)	$	(1,415	)
Adoption of ASC 326 on beginning allowance		—			—			(388	)
Provision charged to expense		(203	)		(514	)		(1,259	)
Write-off, net of recoveries		498			500			563
Effects of foreign currency translation		(346	)		34			(60	)
Balance, end of year	$	(2,590	)	$	(2,539	)	$	(2,559	)

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Estimated			December 31,
	useful lives			2022		2021
Land	Indefinite			$	7,994	$	9,888
Building and improvements	5-39 years				16,995		18,358
Computer equipment and software	3-5 years				45,340		45,027
Office furniture and equipment	5-15 years				13,335		12,947
Leasehold improvements		(1	)		8,766		9,829
Right of use assets under finance leases		(1	)		2,122		2,532
Total property and equipment					94,552		98,581
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization					57,035		58,103
Property and equipment, net				$	37,517	$	40,478

(1)

Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life, generally ranging from five to ten years.

Depreciation expense, including amortization of right of use assets under finance leases, was $8.0 million, $7.3 million and $7.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Other liabilities

The following table provides the details of other accrued expenses and current liabilities (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Obligations related to acquisition of businesses	$	13,136	$	87,636
Income taxes payable		11,524		5,887
Accrued VAT		8,402		6,047
Employee stock purchase plan obligations		3,969		4,222
Accrued professional fees		3,637		3,516
Accrued royalties		2,593		2,537
Non-income tax liabilities		2,465		1,653
Billings in excess of cost		1,874		1,459
Defined contribution plan liabilities		1,393		1,513
Other current liabilities		7,378		7,756
Total	$	56,371	$	122,226

The following table provides the details of other long-term liabilities (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Deferred tax liabilities	$	16,775	$	15,389
Pension and other post retirement liabilities		12,273		15,086
Other liabilities		12,168		12,419
Total	$	41,216	$	42,894

Private placement financing

In September 2021, the Company issued 2,935,564 shares of its Class A common stock in a private placement to Matrix Capital Management Company LP, for aggregate proceeds of $200.0 million. The Company filed a registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) registering the resale of the shares of common stock issued in the private placement declared or deemed effective by the SEC in August 2022.

Restructuring expense

In 2021, the Company initiated a restructuring plan to realign resources with the Company’s current business outlook and cost structure. The restructuring plan resulted in charges for employee termination benefits of $5.1 million for the year ended December

31, 2021. There were no restructuring costs for the year ended December 31, 2022. The restructuring costs were attributable primarily to the Software reportable segment. The restructuring plan was completed, and all amounts were paid in 2021.

Other expense (income), net

Other expense (income), net consists of the following (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Expense on repurchase of convertible senior notes	$	16,621		$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange loss (gain)		4,405			1,103			(787	)
Other income, net		(4,127	)		(541	)		(1,130	)
Other expense (income), net	$	16,899		$	562		$	(1,917	)

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

6. Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, which is attributable to the Software reportable segment, are as follows (in thousands):


Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	264,481
Acquisitions		108,772
Effects of foreign currency translation and other		(3,075	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021		370,178
Acquisitions		96,092
Effects of foreign currency translation and other		(17,222	)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	449,048

Other intangible assets

A summary of other intangible assets is shown below (in thousands):


	December 31, 2022
	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology	4-6 years	$	135,703	$	67,665	$	68,038
Customer relationships	7-10 years		57,143		29,148		27,995
Other intangibles	4-10 years		1,448		298		1,150
Total definite-lived intangible assets			194,294		97,111		97,183
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names			10,426				10,426
Total other intangible assets		$	204,720	$	97,111	$	107,609


	December 31, 2021
	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology	4-6 years	$	110,891	$	49,672	$	61,219
Customer relationships	7-10 years		48,277		21,859		26,418
Other intangibles	4-10 years		647		127		520
Total definite-lived intangible assets			159,815		71,658		88,157
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names			10,900				10,900
Total other intangible assets		$	170,715	$	71,658	$	99,057

Amortization expense related to amortizing intangible assets was $27.5 million, $18.4 million and $16.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for the next five years as of December 31, 2022, is as follows (in thousands):


Year ending
December 31, 2023	$	30,099
December 31, 2024		27,244
December 31, 2025		20,627
December 31, 2026		14,574
December 31, 2027		3,565
Thereafter		1,074
Total	$	97,183

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

7. Debt

Convertible senior notes

2027 Notes

In June 2022, the Company issued $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.750% convertible senior notes due in 2027 (the "2027 Notes"), which includes the initial purchaser’s exercise in full of its option to purchase an additional $30.0 million principal amount of the 2027 Notes, in a private offering. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2027 Notes was $224.3 million after deducting discounts, commissions and estimated issuance costs.

The Company entered into an Indenture relating to the issuance of the 2027 Notes dated June 14, 2022 (the “Indenture”), by and between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee. The Indenture includes customary covenants and sets forth certain events of default after which the 2027 Notes may be declared immediately due and payable and sets forth certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency events of default involving the Company after which the 2027 Notes become automatically due and payable. The 2027 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company.

The 2027 Notes mature on June 15, 2027, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. The Company may redeem for cash all or, subject to certain limitations, any portion of the 2027 Notes, at its option, on or after June 20, 2025 if the last reported sale price of Altair's Class A Common Stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. The 2027 Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.750% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, which commenced on December 15, 2022.

The 2027 Notes have an initial conversion rate of 13.9505 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2027 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $71.68 per share of Class A common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the Indenture but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, upon the occurrence of a make whole fundamental change or a redemption period (each as defined in the Indenture), the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a specified number of

additional shares for a holder who elects to convert its 2027 Notes in connection with such make whole fundamental change or during the relevant redemption period.

Holders of the 2027 Notes may convert all or any portion of their 2027 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2026, in integral multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances:

•

during any calendar quarter, if the last reported sale price of the Class A Common Stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

•

during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2027 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Class A Common Stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

•

if the Company calls the 2027 Notes for redemption (which the Company may not do prior to June 20, 2025), at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date but only with respect to the 2027 Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption; or

•

upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

On or after December 15, 2026 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their 2027 Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of Class A Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Class A Common Stock, at the Company’s election, in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the Indenture.

During the period ended December 31 2022, the conditions allowing holders of the 2027 Notes to convert were not met. Therefore, the 2027 Notes were classified as long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2022, the “if converted value” did not exceed the principal amount of the 2027 Notes since the closing sales price of the Company’s common stock was less than the conversion price of the 2027 Notes.

2024 Notes

In June 2019, the Company issued $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.25% convertible senior notes due in 2024 (the "2024 Notes" together with the 2027 Notes "Convertible Notes"), which includes the underwriters’ exercise in full of their option to purchase an additional $30.0 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes, in a public offering. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2024 Notes were $221.9 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and issuance costs. The 2024 Notes have an initial conversion rate of 21.5049 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2024 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $46.50 per share of its Class A common stock. The interest rate is fixed at 0.25% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, which commenced on December 1, 2019. The 2024 Notes mature on June 1, 2024, unless, earlier repurchased or redeemed by the Company or converted pursuant to their terms.

Holders of the 2024 Notes may convert all or any portion of their 2024 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on December 1, 2023, in integral multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances:

•

during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2024 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Class A Common Stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

•

if the Company calls the 2024 Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

•

upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

On or after December 1, 2023 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their 2024 Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company may satisfy its conversion obligation by paying and/or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of Class A Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Class A Common Stock, at the Company’s election, in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the Indenture.

Prior to January 1, 2022, the Company separated the 2024 Notes into liability and equity components. On issuance, the carrying amount of the equity component was recorded as a debt discount and subsequently amortized to interest expense. Effective January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06 using the modified retrospective approach. As a result, the 2024 Notes are accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost, as no other embedded features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. Adoption of the new standard resulted in a decrease to Accumulated deficit of $23.9 million, a decrease to Additional paid-in capital of $50.0 million, and an increase to Convertible senior notes, net of $26.1 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, using proceeds from the issuance of the 2027 Notes, the Company entered into separate privately negotiated transactions with certain holders of the 2024 Notes to repurchase and retire $148.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes for an aggregate amount of $192.4 million of cash including accrued and unpaid interest. The Company recognized expense of $16.6 million, representing the fair value of the consideration paid to certain holders of the 2024 Notes in excess of the value to which they were entitled to receive on the respective settlement dates. The amount is included in Other expense, net in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

As of December 31, 2022, $81.8 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes remained outstanding. The Company may settle the 2024 Notes in cash, shares of Class A Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Class A Common Stock, at the Company’s election.

During the period ended December 31, 2022, the conditions allowing holders of the 2024 Notes to convert were not met. Therefore, the 2024 Notes were classified as long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. During the period ended December 31, 2021, the conditions allowing the holders of the 2024 Notes to convert were met. Therefore, the 2024 Notes were classified as current on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021.

As of December 31, 2022, the “if converted value” did not exceed the principal amount of the 2024 Notes since the closing sales price of the Company’s common stock was less than the conversion price of the 2024 Notes.

The net carrying value of the liability component of the 2027 and 2024 Notes was as follows (in thousands):


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	2027 Notes		2024 Notes		2027 Notes		2024 Notes
Principal	$	230,000	$	81,754		—	$	230,000
Less: unamortized debt discount		—		—		—		27,022
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		5,247		903		—		3,273
Net carrying amount	$	224,753	$	80,851	$	—	$	199,705

The interest expense related to the 2027 and 2024 Notes was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Contractual interest expense	$	2,452	$	575	$	575
Amortization of debt issuance cost and discount		1,745		11,405		10,806
Total	$	4,197	$	11,980	$	11,381

Credit agreement

Revolving credit facility

On November 7, 2022, the Company exercised the $50.0 million accordion feature of its credit facility in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in its credit agreement. In June 2022, the Company amended its credit agreement to, among other things, permit the issuance of the 2027 Notes and extend the maturity date of the credit facility to December 31, 2025.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has a $200.0 million credit agreement with a maturity date of December 31, 2025 (“2019 Amended Credit Agreement”) and there were no outstanding borrowings. The 2019 Amended Credit Agreement is available for general corporate purposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, and permitted acquisitions.

Borrowings under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an agreed upon applicable margin plus, at the Company’s option, either the Alternate Base Rate (defined as the greatest of (1) the Prime Rate (as defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement) in effect on such day, (2) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement) in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1.00% and (3) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement) for one-month interest period as published two U.S. Government Securities Business Days prior to such day (or if such day is not a business day, the immediately preceding business day) plus 1.00%) or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate. The applicable margin for borrowings under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement is based on the Company’s most recently tested senior secured leverage ratio and will vary from (a) in the case of Term Benchmark loans, 1.25% to 2.00%, and (b) in the case of ABR loans or swingline loans, 0.25% to 1.00%. The Company pays a commitment fee ranging from 0.15% to 0.30% on the unused portion of the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement.

Collateral and guarantees

The 2019 Amended Credit Agreement is secured by collateral including (i) substantially all of the Company’s properties and assets, and the properties and assets of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries but excluding any patents, copyrights, patent applications or copyright applications or any trade secrets or software products and (ii) pledges of the equity interests in all present and future domestic subsidiaries (subject to certain exceptions as provided for under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement). The Company’s direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries are guarantors of all the obligations under the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement.

Debt covenants

The 2019 Amended Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a Senior Secured Leverage Ratio not greater than 3.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. The Senior Secured Leverage Ratio is defined as the ratio of total indebtedness secured by a lien (net of unrestricted domestic cash in excess of $20.0 million) to EBITDA, as such terms are defined in the 2019 Amended Credit Agreement, for the rolling four quarter period ending on such date. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with its financial covenants.

Other

The Company has available overdraft and line of credit facilities in several countries in which it operates. These credit facilities are with various domestic and international banks and are at quoted market rates. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $3.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively, of availability under these facilities and there were no outstanding commitments.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

8. Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease assets and operating lease obligations on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other accrued expenses and current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Right of use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments under the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. At commencement date, the ROU asset also includes adjustments for lease prepayments, lease incentives received and the lessee's initial direct costs, if applicable. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The incremental borrowing rates are determined using rates specific to the term of the lease, economic environments where lease activity is concentrated, value of lease portfolio, and assuming full collateralization of the loans. Subsequent to the commencement date, the operating ROU asset is equal to the remeasured lease liability adjusted for cumulative prepaid or accrued rent if the lease payments are uneven throughout the lease term, unamortized lease incentives, unamortized initial direct costs and any impairment of the ROU assets. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease cost for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company does not recognize a lease liability or ROU asset for short-term leases (leases with a term of twelve months or less). For contracts with lease and non-lease components, the Company does not allocate the contract consideration, and accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

The Company’s operating leases consist of office facilities, office equipment and cars and the Company’s finance leases consist of office equipment and cars. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to 15 years, some of which include one or more options to renew and some of which include options to terminate the leases within the next three years.

The components of lease cost were as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Operating lease cost	$	13,403	$	13,754	$	13,412

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	266	$	440	$	634
Interest on lease liabilities		6		18		32
Total finance lease cost	$	272	$	458	$	666

Operating lease cost includes short-term leases and variable lease costs, which are immaterial. Rent cost related to operating leases for office facilities was $11.7 million, $12.2 million and $12.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to lease liabilities was as follows:


	December 31,
(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)	2022			2021
Operating leases:
Operating lease ROU assets	$	33,601		$	28,494

Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	10,396		$	9,933
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		24,065			19,550
Total operating lease liabilities	$	34,461		$	29,483

Weighted average remaining lease term	3.4			3.8
Weighted average discount rate		3.8	%		4.3	%

Finance leases:
Property and equipment	$	2,122		$	2,532
Accumulated depreciation		(2,054	)		(2,151	)
Property and equipment, net	$	68		$	381

Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	$	77		$	195
Other long-term liabilities		15			146
Total finance lease liabilities	$	92		$	341

Weighted average remaining lease term		1.0			1.5
Weighted average discount rate		2.7	%		2.9	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(12,949	)	$	(12,058	)	$	(11,875	)
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	(6	)	$	(18	)	$	(32	)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	(242	)	$	(407	)	$	(456	)

ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	12,455		$	6,577		$	11,713
Finance leases		—		$	9		$	118

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022, were as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31,
2023	$	12,177
2024		8,832
2025		5,996
2026		4,696
2027		2,739
Thereafter		6,617
Total lease payments		41,057
Less: imputed interest		6,596
Total operating lease liabilities	$	34,461

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

9. Fair value measurements

The accounting guidance for fair value, among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The framework for measuring fair value consists of a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based upon whether such inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions made by the reporting entity. The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is briefly summarized as follows:


Level 1—	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2—	Observable inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3—	Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Interest on the Company’s line of credit is at a variable rate, and as such the debt obligation outstanding approximates fair value.

The carrying value of the Company’s Convertible Notes are at face value less unamortized debt issuance costs. The estimated fair values of the Convertible Notes, which the Company has classified as Level 2 financial instruments, were determined based on quoted bid prices of the Convertible Notes on the last trading day of each reporting period. As of December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of the 2027 Notes and 2024 Notes was $210.4 million and $91.2 million, respectively, and is presented for required disclosure purposes only. For further information on the Convertible Notes see Note 7.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

10. Stockholders’ equity

Preferred stock

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had authorized 45,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001, of which no shares were issued or outstanding. The Board of Directors has the authority to issue the preferred stock in one or more series and to fix rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions, including dividends and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such series, without any further vote or action by the stockholders.

Common stock

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had authorized 513,796,572 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001, and 41,203,428 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of Class A common stock.

The holders of Class A and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. No common stock dividends were declared or paid in 2022, 2021, or 2020.

Stock repurchase program

In February 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program. Under the program, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $50.0 million of the Company’s outstanding Class A Common Stock. As permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements and subject to market conditions and other factors, purchases under the program may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing prices, or through privately negotiated transactions. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any dollar amount or number of shares, and the stock repurchase program may be suspended or terminated at any time. All shares repurchased under the stock repurchase program are retired. The Company intends to use the share repurchase plan to opportunistically return capital to shareholders while still focusing on its primary goal of investing in the business to drive growth.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, under the Company's stock repurchase program, the Company repurchased 460,950 shares at an average price of $46.99 per share for a total cost of $21.7 million. As of December 31, 2022, $28.3 million of shares of Class A Common Stock remained available for repurchase under the program.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762

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+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

11. Stock-based compensation

2001 stock-based compensation plans

Nonqualified stock option plan

In 2001, the Company established the Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (“NSO Plan”) under which 1,158,260 stock options with an exercise price of $.000025 remain outstanding as of December 31, 2022. The NSO Plan was terminated in 2003. Stock options under the NSO plan were immediately vested and have a contractual term of 35 years from the date of grant. The outstanding awards will continue to be governed by their existing terms under the NSO Plan. The NSO Plan is accounted for as an equity plan.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the NSO Plan:


	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022		1,356,475		$	0.000025		15.0
Exercised		(198,215	)	$	0.000025
Forfeited		—		$	—
Outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2022		1,158,260		$	0.000025		14.0	$	52.7

The total intrinsic value of the NSO Plan stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $11.0 million, $78.7 million and $43.1 million, respectively.

Incentive and nonqualified stock-based plan

Also, in 2001, the Company established the Incentive and Nonqualified Stock-based Plan (“ISO Plan”) which was authorized to issue nonqualified stock options and incentive stock options totaling 11,153,872 shares of Class A common stock. This plan was completed in 2020 and no options remained outstanding. The total intrinsic value of the ISO Plan stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $3.8 million.

2012 stock-based compensation plans

During 2012, the Company established the 2012 Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (“2012 Plan”) which permits the issuance of 5,200,000 shares of Class A common stock for the grant of nonqualified stock options (“NQSO”) and incentive stock options (“ISO”) for management, other employees, and board members of the Company. The options are issued at a price equal to or greater than fair market value at date of grant. All options have a contractual term of 10 years from date of grant.

The 2012 Plan is accounted for as an equity plan. For those options expected to vest, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over a four-year period, the total requisite service period of the awards.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the 2012 Plan for the periods indicated as follows:


	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022		543,889		$	4.15		4.0
Granted		—		$	—
Exercised		(168,515	)	$	3.74
Forfeited		(800	)	$	2.48
Outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2022		374,574		$	4.34		3.4	$	15.4

The total intrinsic value of the 2012 Plan stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $8.5 million, $17.5 million and $13.9 million, respectively.

2017 stock-based compensation plan

In 2017, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (“2017 Plan”), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to the Company’s employees and any parent and subsidiary corporations’ employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, performance shares, other cash-based and stock-based awards to the Company’s employees, directors and consultants and the Company’s parent, subsidiary, and affiliate corporations’ employees and consultants. The 2017 Plan has 16,999,318 authorized shares of the Company’s Class A common stock reserved for issuance.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock units, or RSUs, awarded under the 2017 Plan for the period:


	Number of RSUs
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022		1,281,411
Granted		476,476
Vested		(477,604	)
Forfeited		(49,509	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022		1,230,774

The weighted average grant date fair value of the RSUs was $56.65 and the RSUs generally vest in four equal annual installments. The fair value of RSUs that vested during the year ended December 31, 2022, was $27.2 million. Total compensation cost related to nonvested awards not yet recognized as of December 31, 2022, was $56.0 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the 2017 Plan for the period:


	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022		4,875,562		$	51.02		8.8
Granted		2,855,812		$	49.12
Exercised		(73,128	)	$	40.03
Forfeited		(166,755	)	$	54.69
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022		7,491,491		$	50.39		8.5	$	11.5
Exercisable as of December 31, 2022		2,162,645		$	48.88		7.5	$	5.8

The total intrinsic value of the 2017 Plan stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $1.1 million, $0.7 million and $0.0 million, respectively.

Fair value of equity awards

The Company measures the fair value of its stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This valuation model requires the Company to make certain estimates and assumptions, including assumptions related to the expected price

volatility of the Company’s stock, the period under which the options will be outstanding, the rate of return on risk-free investments, and the expected dividend yield for the Company’s stock.

The fair values of the Company’s stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, were estimated using the following assumptions:


	2022 grants			2021 grants			2020 grants
Weighted average grant date fair value per share	$44.63 - 64.79			$61.93 - 80.06			$29.22 - 57.72
Expected volatility		35	%		35	%	34 - 35%
Expected term (in years)		6.25			6.25			6.25
Risk-free interest rate	1.7% - 4.2%			1.1% - 1.2%			0.46 - 0.6%
Expected dividend yield		0	%		0	%		0	%

These assumptions and estimates are as follows:

•

Fair Value of Common Stock. The Company used the publicly quoted price as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market as the fair value of its common stock.

•

Expected Term. The Company used the simplified method to determine the expected term.

•

Risk-Free Interest Rate. The Company based the risk-free interest rate on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curves with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option.

•

Expected Volatility. As the Company does not have an extensive trading history for its common stock, the expected volatility was derived using the historical volatility of the returns of comparable publicly traded companies combined with the brief trading history of the Company’s common stock.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) which allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 3,014,960 shares of its common stock available for future issuances under the ESPP.

The purchase price for each share of common stock purchased under the ESPP will be 85% of the lower of (a) the fair market value per share on the first day of the applicable offering period or (b) the fair market value per share on the applicable purchase date.

Each offering period will last a number of months determined by the plan administrator, up to a maximum of 27 months. The initial offering period began on July 15, 2021, and ended on January 14, 2022, and new offering periods are expected to begin on each January 15 and July 15 thereafter, unless modified by the plan administrator. The ESPP allows participants to purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions, up to a maximum of 15% of their eligible compensation or $25,000, whichever is lower, and subject to limitations under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan administrator has limited participant contributions to $1,000 per month to prevent prejudicial advantages to higher compensated employees. Participants may withdraw from the ESPP and receive a refund of their accumulated payroll contributions at any time prior to a purchase date.

The Company issued 185,040 shares of common stock under the ESPP during the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, $4.0 million and $4.2 million, respectively, has been withheld on behalf of employees for future purchases under the ESPP due to the timing of payroll deductions and was reported in current liabilities. There were no issuances of common stock under the ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company recognized $2.6 million and $1.2 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Other

In connection with the acquisition of Polliwog in October 2019, per the Polliwog stock purchase agreement, 256,594 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock were issued to existing employees, subject to continuing employment. The shares were issued on the one-, two- and three-year anniversaries of the closing. The accounting treatment for these shares in the context of the business combination was to recognize the expense as a post-combination expense, not as transaction consideration.

The post combination expense to the Company as a result of the Polliwog business combination was approximately $8.7 million which was recognized on a straight-line basis over the employment period that was stipulated in the Polliwog stock purchase agreement. As of December 31, 2022, the service period was met, and all shares have been issued. Stock-based compensation expense includes $2.2 million, $2.9 million and $2.9 million expense related to these shares for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In connection with the acquisition of World Programming in December 2021, per the World Programming stock purchase agreement, $29.5 million of the Company’s Class A Common Stock will be issued to existing employees, subject to continuing employment and certain other contingencies. The dates on which the shares will be issuable and the number of shares issuable depend on continuing employment and certain aspects of legal proceedings in which World Programming and SAS Institute, Inc. are engaged. The accounting treatment for these shares in the context of the business combination is to recognize the expense as a post-combination expense, not as transaction consideration.

The estimated post combination expense to the Company as a result of the World Programming business combination was approximately $29.5 million which is recognized on an accelerated method over the employment period. As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average remaining service period is 2.0 years. Once the vesting conditions of the service period are met, the Company will issue shares for each award. Stock-based compensation expense includes $17.6 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

In connection with the acquisition of Powersim Inc. in March 2022, per the Powersim stock purchase agreement, 68,792 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock will be issued to existing employees, subject to continuing employment and certain other contingencies. The shares will be issued in installments of 34,396 shares on the one- and two-year anniversaries of the closing, subject to potential reduction in certain circumstances. The accounting treatment for these shares in the context of the business combination is to recognize the expense as a post-combination expense, not as transaction consideration. The post combination expense was approximately $4.3 million is recognized on an accelerated method over the employment period. As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average remaining service period is 1.2 years. Stock-based compensation expense includes $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In connection with the acquisition of Concept Engineering in June 2022, per the Concept Engineering stock purchase agreement, 105,082 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock will be issued to existing employees, subject to continuing employment and certain other contingencies. The shares will be issued in installments of 52,541 shares on the one- and two-year anniversaries of the closing, subject to potential reduction in certain circumstances. The accounting treatment for these shares in the context of the business combination is to recognize the expense as a post-combination expense, not as transaction consideration. The post combination expense was approximately $6.0 million and is recognized on an accelerated method over the employment period. As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average remaining service period is 1.4 years. Stock-based compensation expense includes $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Stock-based compensation expense

The stock-based compensation expense was recorded as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Cost of revenue-software	$	8,351	$	5,619	$	2,473
Research and development		36,250		16,561		8,372
Sales and marketing		30,370		15,044		6,423
General and administrative		9,816		7,325		4,087
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	84,787	$	44,549	$	21,355

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

12. Income taxes

The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
U.S.	$	(62,702	)	$	(27,850	)	$	(22,127	)
Non-U.S.		34,489			27,562			24,159
	$	(28,213	)	$	(288	)	$	2,032

The significant components of the income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Current
U.S. Federal	$	—		$	—		$	—
Non-U.S.		18,759			9,781			23,197
U.S. State and Local		621			227			(315	)
Total current		19,380			10,008			22,882
Deferred
U.S. Federal		23			26			(881	)
Non-U.S.		(4,206	)		(1,550	)		(9,849	)
U.S. State and Local		19			22			380
Total deferred		(4,164	)		(1,502	)		(10,350	)
Income tax expense	$	15,216		$	8,506		$	12,532

The reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate to income tax expense is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
U.S. federal statutory rate		21	%		21	%		21	%
Income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	(5,925	)	$	(60	)	$	427
Foreign income taxes at rates other than the federal statutory rate		2,249			2,950			1,161
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit		(5,976	)		(4,826	)		(4,892	)
U.S. effect of changes in tax laws		—			—			4,946
U.S. effect of foreign operations		15,827			1,827			1,205
Change in valuation allowance		7,830			20,212			5,215
Foreign withholding taxes		6,738			(4,545	)		5,236
U.S. foreign tax credit and deduction		(12,315	)		(288	)		(1,308	)
Research and development tax credit		(326	)		(784	)		2,576
Stock-based compensation		8,649			(12,791	)		(5,034	)
Other		1,250			753			825
Uncertain tax positions		472			6,058			2,175
FDII deduction		(5,245	)		—			—
Mark-to-market adjustment of contingent consideration		(1,502	)		—			—
Repurchase of convertible senior notes		3,490			—			—
Income tax expense	$	15,216		$	8,506		$	12,532

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, subjects a U.S. shareholder to current tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The impact of GILTI resulted in no incremental tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 due to a full valuation allowance on U.S. net deferred tax assets. In addition, the Company has made an accounting policy election to treat taxes due under the GILTI provision as a current period expense. On July 23, 2020, the Department of Treasury published final regulations under the GILTI and Subpart F provisions of the Code regarding the treatment of income that is subject to a high rate of foreign tax (“high-tax exclusion”). These regulations, among other things, permit U.S. shareholders of foreign corporations to make an annual election for a controlled foreign corporation to exclude from subpart F income any item of income received by the controlled foreign corporation if that income is subject to an effective tax rate greater than 90% of the maximum U.S. corporate income tax rate of 21%. The Company has evaluated the impact of these regulations and made an election to avail the high-tax exclusion for tax years 2020 and 2021. For the 2022 tax year, the Company does not intend to make a high-tax exclusion election and has recorded the impact in its 2022 year-end tax provision.

For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022, the Tax Act eliminates the option to currently deduct research and development expenses and requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize them over five years for research activities performed in the United States and 15 years for research activities performed outside the United States pursuant to Section 174 of the Code. For the 2022 tax year, the Company has capitalized $178.7 million of research and development expenses. This has resulted in an increase in the DTA associated with capitalized research and development by $39.5 million.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities result from differences in the basis of assets and liabilities for tax and financial statements purposes. The approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference, and operating losses and tax credit carryforwards that give rise to a significant portion of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022			2021
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue	$	18,571		$	12,217
Net operating loss carryforwards		64,091			87,144
Tax credit carryforwards		24,319			26,035
Stock-based compensation		8,312			5,011
Capitalized research and development		43,860			4,408
Lease obligation		8,810			8,518
Employee benefits		5,941			6,460
Other		5,931			3,866
Total gross deferred tax assets		179,835			153,659
Less: valuation allowances		(149,441	)		(119,981	)
Net deferred tax assets (1)		30,394			33,678
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment and intangibles		24,155			21,834
Deferred tax on investment in subsidiary		1,500			1,500
Lease right of use asset		8,578			8,283
Convertible debt, net of issuance costs		-			6,331
Other		3,209			2,624
Total deferred tax liabilities		37,442			40,572
Total net deferred tax (liabilities) assets	$	(7,048	)	$	(6,894	)

(1)

Reflects gross amount before jurisdictional netting of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined separately for each tax jurisdiction on a separate or on a consolidated tax filing basis, as applicable, in which the Company conducts its operations or otherwise incurs taxable income or losses. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the gross deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realization of deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The Company considers the following possible sources of taxable income when assessing the realization of deferred tax assets:

•

taxable income in prior carryback years;

•

future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;

•

future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; and

•

prudent and feasible tax planning strategies that the Company would be willing to undertake to prevent a deferred tax asset from otherwise expiring.

The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or whether a change in judgment regarding the valuation allowance has occurred also considers all available positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to:

•

nature, frequency, and severity of cumulative losses in recent years;

•

duration of statutory carryforward and carryback periods;

•

statutory limitations against utilization of tax attribute carryforwards against taxable income;

•

historical experience with tax attributes expiring unused; and

•

near‑ and medium‑term financial outlook.

The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent to which the evidence may be objectively verified. Accordingly, it is generally difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. The Company uses the actual results for the last two years and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years.

The evaluation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events recognized in the financial statements or tax returns and future profitability. The recognition of deferred tax assets represents the Company’s best estimate of those future events. Changes in the current estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

In certain tax jurisdictions, the Company’s analysis indicates that it has cumulative losses in recent years. This is considered significant negative evidence, which is objective and verifiable and, therefore, difficult to overcome. However, the cumulative loss position is not solely determinative and, accordingly, the Company considers all other available positive and negative evidence in its analysis. Based on its analysis, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance for the portion of deferred tax assets where based on the weight of available evidence it is unlikely to realize those deferred tax assets.

Based on the evidence available including a lack of sustainable earnings, the Company in its judgment previously recorded a valuation allowance against substantially all of its net deferred tax assets in the United States. If a change in judgment regarding this valuation allowance were to occur in the future, the Company will record a potentially material deferred tax benefit, which could result in a favorable impact on the effective tax rate in that period.

The Company continues to record deferred foreign taxes on gross book-tax basis differences to the extent of foreign distributable reserves and excess cash balances for its subsidiary in India. Determining the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to any remaining undistributed foreign earnings is not practicable.

The following table summarizes the changes to the valuation allowance balance (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	119,981	$	96,831	$	84,356
Additions charged to expense		7,830		20,212		5,215
Other		21,630		2,938		7,260
Ending balance	$	149,441	$	119,981	$	96,831

The change in valuation allowance in Other for 2022 of $21.6 million is primarily related to a $6.8 million increase from the adoption of ASU 2020-06 for convertible debt instruments, and a $13.1 million valuation allowance recorded on deferred tax assets established during purchase accounting from the RapidMiner acquisition. The change in valuation allowance in Other for 2021 of $2.9 million is primarily related to a valuation allowance recorded on deferred tax assets established during purchase accounting from the World Programming acquisition. The change in valuation allowance in Other for 2020 of $7.3 million is related to a valuation allowance recorded on deferred tax assets established during purchase accounting from the Univa acquisition.

The following table summarizes the amount and expiration dates of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Expiration dates	Amounts
U.S. general business credits and loss carryforwards	2023-Indefinite	$	65,755
Foreign general business credits and loss carryforwards	2023-Indefinite		19,428
U.S. foreign tax credits	2027		3,227
Total operating loss and tax credit carryforwards		$	88,410

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Unrecognized tax benefits—January 1	$	16,376		$	8,310		$	12,114
Additions for tax positions of current period		50			1,042			209
Additions for tax positions of prior periods		13,910			8,983			1,849
Reductions for tax positions of prior periods		(1,334	)		(1,934	)		(5,862	)
Reductions due to statute of limitations		(25	)		(25	)		—
Unrecognized tax benefits—December 31	$	28,977		$	16,376		$	8,310

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $10.3 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect the effective tax rate. The Company expects a reduction over the next 12 months in the gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $0.2 million which if recognized would not impact the effective tax rate during 2023.

The Company operates globally but considers its more significant tax jurisdictions to include the United States, India, Germany, Japan, and China. India has tax years open for examination from 2010 through 2022. All other significant jurisdictions have open tax years from 2016 through 2022.

The Company records interest and penalties with respect to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $1.0 million, $1.0 million, and $0.5 million, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

+ Details

Net Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

13. Net loss per share

The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective method, applicable to its convertible senior notes outstanding as of adoption. The Company has not changed any previously disclosed amounts or provided additional disclosures for comparative periods. ASU 2020-06 requires the if-converted method to be applied for all convertible instruments when calculating diluted earnings per share. Under the if-converted method, shares related to convertible senior notes, to the extent dilutive, are assumed to be converted into common stock at the beginning of the period.

Basic net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, excluding dilutive securities, stock options, RSUs and ESPP shares. Diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders is based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period and potentially dilutive common shares. The treasury stock method is used to calculate the effect of dilutive securities, stock options, RSUs and ESPP shares and the if-converted method is used to calculate the effect of convertible instruments. The following table sets forth the computation of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted net loss per share amounts (in thousands, except per share data):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(43,429	)	$	(8,794	)	$	(10,500	)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic and diluted loss per share — weighted average shares		79,472			76,179			73,241
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.55	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.14	)

Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share were as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Stock options and ESPP		961		3,425		3,123
Convertible shares		4,958		1,555		—
Total shares excluded from calculation		5,919		4,980		3,123

Since the Company was in a net loss position for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as diluted net loss per share for those periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

Retirement Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Retirement Benefits

14. Retirement benefits

The Company sponsors a 401(k)-profit sharing plan (the “Plan”) for all eligible U.S. employees. This Plan allows eligible employees to contribute up to 80% of their compensation to the Plan. The Company makes discretionary matching contributions to the Plan provided the employee is employed on the last day of the year. Such discretionary contributions vest ratably over five years of service. The Company’s contributions to the Plan were $1.6 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

The Company also participates in government-mandated retirement and/or termination indemnity plans, benefiting certain non-U.S. employees. Termination benefits are generally lump sum payments based upon an individual’s years of credited service and annual salary at retirement. These plans are generally unfunded, and employees receive payments at the time of retirement or termination under applicable labor laws or agreements. The amount of net benefit cost recorded in the consolidated statements of operations for these plans was $2.5 million, $3.0 million and $2.7 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The amount of benefits paid under these plans was $0.7 million, $0.4 million and $0.5 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation, unlike the projected benefit obligation, does not reflect expected benefit increases from future salary levels, and was $10.1 million and $10.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, under these plans. The projected benefit obligation, net of plan assets, was $13.1 million and $15.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

A summary of the components of the pension benefits obligation recorded in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Other long-term assets	$	127	$	—
Accrued compensation and benefits		957		650
Other long-term liabilities		12,273		15,086
	$	13,103	$	15,736

The estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service that are expected to be paid for each of the next five years are as follows (in thousands):


Year ending
December 31, 2023	$	1,018
December 31, 2024	$	731
December 31, 2025	$	792
December 31, 2026	$	1,274
December 31, 2027	$	1,219
Next five years	$	5,627

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123450688&loc=d3e4179-114921

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+ Details

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

15. Accumulated other comprehensive loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands):


	Foreign currency translation			Retirement related benefit plans			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	(6,928	)	$	(2,600	)	$	(9,528	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		7,782			(501	)		7,281
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			(858	)		(858	)
Tax effects		—			308			308
Other comprehensive income (loss)		7,782			(1,051	)		6,731
Balance as of December 31, 2020		854			(3,651	)		(2,797	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		(7,254	)		198			(7,056	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			1,199			1,199
Tax effects		—			(296	)		(296	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(7,254	)		1,101			(6,153	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021		(6,400	)		(2,550	)		(8,950	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		(24,084	)		87			(23,997	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			3,253			3,253
Tax effects		—			(308	)		(308	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(24,084	)		3,032			(21,052	)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(30,484	)	$	482		$	(30,002	)

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

16. Commitments and contingencies

World Programming

The Company acquired World Programming Limited and a related company (collectively, “World Programming”) in December 2021. In 2010, SAS Institute, Inc. (“SAS”) filed an action against World Programing in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina (the “NC Court”) alleging copyright infringement, breach of contract, fraudulent inducement to contract, and violations of the North Carolina Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act (UDTPA). SAS was unsuccessful on its copyright claims but prevailed on its breach of contract, fraudulent inducement, and UDTPA claims and was awarded damages of $79.1 million in 2016 (the “NC Judgment”). The NC Court subsequently enjoined World Programming from licensing its WPS Analytics software to new customers for use in the United States until the NC Judgment was satisfied. At the time that the Company acquired World Programming, World Programming had partially paid the NC Judgment.

In relation to the NC Court order that enjoined World Programming from licensing its WPS Analytics Software to new customers for use in the United States, SAS filed a related matter in California, which resulted in the California court issuing an order that required certain then existing customers of World Programming to direct payment (of their licensing fees for WPS Analytics software) to SAS until the NC Judgment was satisfied.

On January 3, 2022, the Company paid the outstanding balance of $65.9 million on the NC Judgment. Despite payment in full, SAS asserted that the Company had not satisfied the NC Judgment. The NC Court held a hearing to address this issue on March 3, 2022 (the “March Hearing”). At the March Hearing, the NC Court confirmed that the Company’s January 3, 2022 payment fully satisfied the NC Judgment, and lifted the injunction that had enjoined World Programming from licensing its WPS Analytics software to new customers for use in the United States. On March 7, 2022, SAS agreed that the California court order was no longer necessary and together with World Programming, filed a joint notice of satisfaction of the NC Judgment with the California court, thereby allowing customers of World Programming to resume payment of their licensing fees to World Programming directly.

In 2018, SAS filed litigation in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas asserting that World Programming infringed SAS copyrights and patents. SAS voluntarily dismissed with prejudice its patent claims, and the Texas court entered judgment in favor of World Programming on the copyright claims. SAS appealed this judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the "Court of Appeals"). Oral arguments were held before the Court of Appeals on January 13, 2022. A decision from the Court of Appeals is pending.

Other legal proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. The Company has received, and may in the future continue to receive, claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights. Future litigation may be necessary to defend the Company, its partners and its customers by determining the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights, or to establish and enforce the Company’s proprietary rights.

Effects of proceedings

The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Commitments

The Company has entered into various renewable, nonexclusive license agreements under which the Company has been granted access to the licensor’s technology and the right to sell or use the technology in the Company’s products. Royalties are payable to developers of the software at various rates and amounts, which generally are based upon unit sales or revenue. Royalty fees were $11.7 million, $10.9 million, and $10.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and are reported in Cost of revenue—software.

Additionally, the Company has current contractual purchase obligations for services supporting business operations, including non-cancelable agreements. The future purchase obligations for these agreements are as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31,
2023	$	23,570
2024		7,370
2025		5,152
2026		1,929
2027		300
Thereafter		—
Total	$	38,321

Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

17. Segment information

The Company defines its operating segments as components of its business where separate financial information is available and used by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to its segments and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.

The Company has identified two reportable segments for financial reporting purposes: Software and Client Engineering Services. The primary measure of segment operating performance is Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as net income (loss) adjusted for income tax expense (benefit), interest expense, interest income and other, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, asset impairment charges and other special items as determined by management. Adjusted EBITDA includes an allocation of corporate headquarters costs.

The Software reportable segment derives revenue from the sale and lease of software licenses and cloud solutions in the areas of simulation, high-performance computing, and artificial intelligence to design and optimize high-performance, efficient, innovative and sustainable products and processes for improved business performance. The software services and software-related services component of this segment includes consulting, implementation services, training, and software-related services focused on product design and development expertise and analysis from the component level up to complete product engineering at any stage of the lifecycle. To a much lesser extent, the Software segment includes revenue from the sale of hardware products.

The Client Engineering Services reportable segment provides support to the Company’s customers with long-term ongoing expertise. The Company hires simulation specialists, industrial designers, design engineers, materials experts, development engineers, manufacturing engineers, data scientists, and information technology specialists for placement at customer sites for specific customer-directed assignments.

The “All other” represents innovative services and products, including toggled ®, the Company’s LED lighting business. toggled® is focused on developing and selling next-generation solid state lighting technology along with communication and control protocols based, in part, on intellectual property for the direct replacement of fluorescent tubes with LED lighting. Other businesses combined within Other include potential services and product concepts that are still in their development stages.

Inter-segment sales are not significant for any period presented. The CODM does not review asset information by segment when assessing performance, therefore no asset information is provided for reportable segments. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2—Summary of significant accounting policies.

The following tables are in thousands:


Year ended December 31, 2022	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	537,169	$	28,883	$	6,169		$	572,221
Adjusted EBITDA	$	107,638	$	2,576	$	(1,614	)	$	108,600


Year ended December 31, 2021	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	485,569	$	39,282	$	7,328		$	532,179
Adjusted EBITDA	$	82,845	$	4,723	$	(2,315	)	$	85,253


Year ended December 31, 2020	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	418,165	$	44,320	$	7,436		$	469,921
Adjusted EBITDA	$	53,820	$	5,129	$	(1,661	)	$	57,288


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP (loss) income before income taxes:
Adjusted EBITDA	$	108,600		$	85,253		$	57,288
Stock-based compensation expense		(84,787	)		(44,549	)		(21,355	)
Interest expense		(4,377	)		(12,065	)		(11,598	)
Depreciation and amortization		(35,504	)		(25,644	)		(23,806	)
Restructuring expense		—			(5,053	)		—
Special adjustments, interest income and other (1)		(12,145	)		1,770			1,503
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(28,213	)	$	(288	)	$	2,032

(1)

The year ended December 31, 2022, includes $16.6 million expense on repurchase of convertible senior notes, $6.8 million currency losses on acquisition-related intercompany loans, $7.2 million gains from the mark-to-market adjustment of contingent consideration associated with the World Programming acquisition and $4.1 million of interest income. The year ended December 31, 2021, includes $1.2 million currency gains on acquisition-related intercompany loans and the year ended December 31, 2020, includes $1.0 million of proceeds from settlements related to an historical acquisition and $0.6 million of severance expense.

Revenue is attributed to geographic areas based on the country of origin. The following table provides sales to external customers and long-lived assets for each of the geographic areas in which the Company operates (in thousands):


	Revenue						Long-lived assets (1)
	Year ended December 31,						December 31,
	2022		2021		2020		2022		2021
United States	$	274,635	$	259,344	$	233,611	$	56,853	$	54,559
Other countries		13,425		12,249		12,127		5,841		8,777
Total Americas		288,060		271,593		245,738		62,694		63,336
Germany		51,495		52,227		48,559		25,332		7,212
France		19,442		19,694		15,287		740		1,155
Other countries		69,769		52,264		49,403		39,405		48,474
Total Europe, Middle East and Africa		140,706		124,185		113,249		65,477		56,841
Japan		40,335		42,322		41,109		944		1,346
Other countries		103,120		94,079		69,825		5,585		7,112
Total Asia Pacific		143,455		136,401		110,934		6,529		8,458
Total	$	572,221	$	532,179	$	469,921	$	134,700	$	128,635

(1)

Includes property and equipment, net and definite-lived intangible assets, net.

Concentrations of credit risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade receivables. The risk with respect to trade receivables is partially mitigated by the diversity, both by geography and by industry, of the Company’s customer base. The Company’s accounts receivable is derived from sales to a large number of direct customers and resellers around the world. Sales to customers within the automotive industry accounted for approximately 29%, 33%, and 36% of the Company’s 2022, 2021 and 2020 revenue, respectively, with no other industry representing more than 10% of revenue. No individual customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 or 2020.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of consolidation	Principles of consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.
Use of estimates	Use of estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its significant estimates including the stand alone selling price, or SSP, for each distinct performance obligation included in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations, the incremental borrowing rate used in the valuation of lease liabilities, fair value of convertible senior notes, provision for expected credit losses, tax valuation allowances, liabilities for uncertain tax provisions, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, retirement obligations, useful lives of intangible assets, revenue for fixed price contracts, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign currency translation	Foreign currency translation The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is their respective local currency. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date. Equity balances and transactions are translated using historical exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. All assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency with gains and losses recognized in foreign currency losses, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has no transactions which hedge purchase commitments and no intercompany balances which are designated as being of a long-term investment in nature.
Revenue recognition	Revenue recognition Software revenue Revenue is derived principally from the licensing of software products and from related maintenance contracts. The Company enters into contracts that include combinations of products, maintenance and services, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns. Revenue from term-based software licenses is classified as software revenue. Term-based licenses are sold only as a bundled arrangement that includes the rights to a term-based software license and post-contract customer support (PCS), which includes unspecified technical enhancements and customer support. Maximizing the use of observable inputs, the Company determined that a majority of the estimated standalone selling prices of the term-based license is attributable to the term-based license and a minority is attributable to the PCS. The license component is classified as license revenue and recognized as revenue upon the later of delivery of the licensed product or the beginning of the license period. PCS is classified as maintenance and other services and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company provides the PCS benefit over time as a stand ready to perform obligation. In addition to term-based software licenses, the Company sells perpetual licenses. Software revenue is recognized upon the later of delivery of the licensed product or the beginning of the license period. Typically, the Company’s perpetual licenses are sold with PCS. The Company allocates value in bundled perpetual and PCS arrangements based on the value relationship between the software license and maintenance. Revenue from PCS is classified as maintenance and other services and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as the Company satisfies the PCS performance obligation over time as a stand ready to perform obligation. Revenue from training, consulting and other services is recognized as the services are performed and is classified as maintenance and other services in the consolidated statement of operations. For contracts in which the service consists of a single performance obligation, such as providing a training class to a customer, the Company recognizes revenue upon completion of the performance obligation. For service contracts that are longer in duration and often include multiple performance obligations (for example, point-in-time training and consulting), the Company measures the progress toward completion of the obligations and recognizes revenue accordingly. In measuring progress towards the completion of performance obligations, the Company typically utilizes output-based estimates for services with fixed fee arrangements, and estimates output based on the total tasks completed as compared to the total tasks required for each contract. Input-based estimates are utilized for services that involve general consultations with contractual billing arrangements based on time and materials, utilizing direct labor as the input measure. The Company also executes arrangements through indirect channel partners in which the channel partners are authorized to market and distribute the Company's software products to end users of the Company's products and services in specified territories. In sales facilitated by channel partners, the channel partner bears the risk of collection from the end-user customer. The Company recognizes revenue from transactions with channel partners in a manner consistent with the direct sales described above for both perpetual and term-based licenses. Revenue from channel partner transactions is the amount remitted to the Company by the channel partners. This amount includes a fee for PCS that is compensation for providing technical enhancements and the second level of technical support to the end user, which is recognized over the period that PCS is to be provided. The Company does not offer right of return, product rotation, or price protection to any of its channel partners. Non-income related taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as accounts receivable, net and other accrued expenses and current liabilities. These amounts are reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of operations and do not impact reported revenues or expenses. Certain hardware revenue is included within software revenue and is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria stated above are met, which is generally when the products are delivered to end customers. Software related services Consulting services from product design and development projects are considered distinct performance obligations and are provided to customers on a time-and-materials (“T&M”) or fixed-price basis. The Company recognizes software services revenue for T&M contracts based upon hours worked and contractually agreed upon hourly rates using the input method. Revenue from fixed-price engagements is recognized using the output method based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated project costs. Client engineering services Client engineering services revenue are derived from professional services for staffing primarily representing engineers and data scientists located at a customer site. These professional services are considered distinct performance obligations and are provided to customers on a T&M basis. The Company recognizes this revenue for T&M contracts based upon hours worked and contractually agreed upon hourly rates using the input method. Other Other revenue includes product revenue from the sale of LED products primarily for the replacement of fluorescent tubes. Revenue from the sale of LED products is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria stated above are met, which is generally when the products are delivered to resellers or to end customers. Sales returns, which reduce revenue, are estimated using historical experience.
Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Equipment held under capital leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments less accumulated amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense in the period incurred. Major expenditures for betterments are capitalized when they meet the criteria for capitalization. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations in the period realized. Building and improvements is depreciated over an estimated useful life of five to thirty-nine years. Computer equipment and software is depreciated over an estimated useful life of three to five years. Office furniture and equipment is depreciated over an estimated useful life of five to fifteen years. Leasehold improvements and assets acquired under capital leases are amortized over the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset or improvement, whichever is shorter.
Software development costs	Software development costs Software development costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are expensed as incurred. Technological feasibility is established upon the completion of a detailed program design. Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and ends when the product is available for general release. Generally, the time between the establishment of technological feasibility and commercial release of software is short. As such, all internal software development costs have been expensed as incurred and included in research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Impairment of long-lived assets	Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, and definite-lived intangible assets, including developed technology and customer relationships, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company compares the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models and third-party independent appraisals. No impairment losses were recognized in 2022, 2021, or 2020.
Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets	Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred for an acquired entity over the estimated fair values of the net tangible assets and the identifiable assets acquired. As described in Note 4 – Acquisitions, the Company has recorded goodwill in connection with certain acquisitions. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company has determined that there is one reporting unit with goodwill subject to goodwill impairment testing. An entity has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount prior to performing the quantitative two-step impairment test. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount prior to performing the quantitative two-step impairment test. The qualitative assessment evaluates various events and circumstances, such as macro-economic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, relevant events and financial trends that may impact a reporting unit’s fair value. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment dates. For 2022, the Company performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit with goodwill was less than the carrying amounts. Accordingly, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired. The Company performs its annual impairment review of indefinite-lived intangibles in the fourth quarter of each year and when a triggering event occurs between annual reporting dates. In 2022, the Company performed a qualitative assessment of indefinite-lived trade names and determined there was no indication of impairment. Accordingly, no impairment charges were recognized in 2022.
Government assistance	Government assistance The Company receives incentives from federal, state and local governments in different regions of the world to primarily encourage the Company to establish, maintain, or increase investment or employment in the region. Government incentives are recorded in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with their purpose as a reduction of expense or other income based on the substance of the incentive received. Benefits are generally recorded when the conditions of the grant are met, there is reasonable assurance of receipt and amounts are recorded in earnings as the expenses in which the incentive is meant to offset are incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Other operating income includes $3.0 million of government related funding.
Receivable for R&D credit	Receivable for R&D credit The French government provides a research and development (“R&D”) tax credit known as Credit Impôt Recherche, or CIR, in order to encourage Companies to invest in R&D. The tax credit is deductible from the French income tax and any excess is carried forward for three years. After three years, any unused credit may be reimbursed to the Company by the French government. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $10.0 million receivables from the French government related to CIR, of which $3.1 million is recorded in income tax receivable and the remaining $6.9 million is recorded in other long-term assets. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $12.0 million receivables from the French government related to CIR, of which $3.5 million was recorded in income tax receivable and the remaining $8.5 million was recorded in other long-term assets. CIR is subject to customary audit by the French tax authorities.
Other Investments	Other Investments Other investments include non-marketable equity investments in privately held companies, which do not have readily determinable fair values, and in which the Company does not have a controlling interest or significant influence. The Company applies the measurement alternative for non-marketable equity securities, measuring them at cost, less any impairment. These investments are presented within other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets and are periodically analyzed to determine whether there are indicators of impairment.
Income taxes	Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent it believes that these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which increase the provision for income taxes. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing and reversal of existing temporary differences, ability to carryback losses, and tax planning strategies. If based upon the evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. A valuation allowance is recognized to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that management believes is more likely than not to be realized. The Company applies a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to its accounting for tax uncertainties. The Company reviews all of its tax positions and makes determinations as to whether its tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. Only those benefits that have a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities are recognized. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recorded in the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations.
Research and development costs	Research and development costs Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits of research and development employees and costs incurred related to the development of new software products and significant enhancements and engineering changes to existing software products.
Advertising costs	Advertising costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were $5.0 million, $4.3 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Assets held for sale	Assets held for sale Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Depreciation expense is not recognized on assets held for sale. On December 19, 2022, the Company signed a letter of intent to sell an office building in Korea. As of December 31, 2022, the building and related assets of $2.7 million were classified as held for sale and presented in Prepaid expenses and other current assets. The sale of the building was finalized in February 2023.
Mezzanine equity	Mezzanine equity In 2017, the Company issued 200,000 shares of Class A common stock to a third-party as partial consideration for the purchase of developed technology. These shares had a put right that could be exercised by the holder five years from date of purchase at $12.50 per share that required the shares to be recorded at fair value and classified as mezzanine equity in the consolidated balance sheet. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the third-party holder sold 133,336 shares on the open market and as a result, the issuance value of those shares was reclassified into permanent equity from mezzanine equity. As of December 31, 2022, the put right had lapsed and the issuance date fair value of the remaining 66,664 shares were reclassified into permanent equity from mezzanine equity.
Leases	Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other accrued expenses and current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not receive any lease concessions related to COVID-19 that had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation Employee stock-based awards, consisting of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) shares expected to be settled by issuing shares of Class A common stock, are recorded as equity awards. The fair value of stock options and ESPP shares on the date of grant is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company expenses the grant date fair value of its time-vested stock options subject to graded vesting using the straight-line method over the applicable service period. The Company expenses the fair value of ESPP shares over the offering period. The fair value of RSUs is measured using the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of RSUs is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally four years.
Business combinations	Business combinations The Company accounts for business acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting. The fair value of purchase consideration of the acquired businesses is allocated to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations.
Recent accounting guidance	Recent accounting guidance Accounting standards adopted Debt – In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating certain separation models. Under ASU 2020-06, a convertible debt instrument will generally be reported as a single liability at its amortized cost with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The update also requires the if-converted method to be used for convertible instruments and the effect of potential share settlement be included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when an instrument may be settled in cash or shares. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective as of January 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective approach. Adoption of the new standard resulted in a decrease to accumulated deficit of $23.9 million, a decrease to additional paid-in capital of $50.0 million, and an increase to convertible senior notes, net of $26.1 million. Interest expense recognized in the current and future periods will be reduced as a result of accounting for the convertible debt instrument as a single liability measured at its amortized cost. Government Assistance– In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This ASU requires certain disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. The amendment requires disclosure of information about the nature of the transactions and the related accounting policy used to account for the transactions, information regarding the line items within the consolidated financial statements that are affected by the transactions, and significant terms and conditions of the transactions. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 on a prospective basis effective January 1, 2022. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Accounting standards not yet adopted Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04. Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another rate that is expected to be discontinued. The amendments in the guidance are optional and effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In October 2022, the FASB Board voted to amend the sunset date of ASU 2020-04 to December 31, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates its revenue by type of performance obligation and timing of revenue recognition as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Term licenses and other (1)	$	320,181	$	283,226	$	224,472
Perpetual licenses		43,339		41,582		35,493
Maintenance		135,752		122,733		117,159
Professional software services (1)		7,236		6,205		14,587
Software related services		30,661		31,823		26,454
Client engineering services		28,883		39,282		44,320
Other		6,169		7,328		7,436
Total revenue	$	572,221	$	532,179	$	469,921

(1)

Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

World Programming [Member]

Summary of Amounts of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at the Acquisition Date

The following table summarizes the purchase consideration transferred to acquire World Programming and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):


Fair value of consideration transferred	$	73,243
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	1,895
Accounts receivable		5,656
Other assets		5,756
Property and equipment		2,209
Trade names (4-year life)		300
Developed technology (5-year life)		33,000
Customer relationships (7-year life)		7,000
SAS legal liability		(66,596	)
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(3,401	)
Deferred revenue		(2,737	)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves		(11,406	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		(28,324	)
Goodwill (1)	$	101,567

(1)

Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

Rapid Miner [Member]

Summary of Amounts of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at the Acquisition Date

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase consideration transferred to acquire RapidMiner and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):


Fair value of consideration transferred	$	98,594
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash		3,530
Accounts receivable		3,548
Other assets		3,088
Deferred tax assets		782
Trade names (7-year life)		802
Developed technology (5-year life)		8,884
Customer relationships (7-year life)		5,711
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(2,844	)
Deferred revenue		(1,584	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		21,917
Goodwill (1)	$	76,677

(1)

Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

Concept Engineering [Member]

Summary of Amounts of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at the Acquisition Date

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase consideration transferred to acquire Concept Engineering and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):


Fair value of consideration transferred	$	25,325
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	2,468
Accounts receivable		1,552
Other assets		418
Developed technology (4-year life)		7,620
Customer relationships (7-year life)		3,315
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(393	)
Deferred revenue		(624	)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves		(3,919	)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		10,437
Goodwill (1)	$	14,888

(1)

Goodwill is primarily attributable to market synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and is not deductible for tax purposes. All goodwill is recorded in the Software segment.

Supplementary Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Supplementary Information [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	316,146	$	413,743
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets		812		269
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	316,958	$	414,012

Schedule of Accounts Receivable Net

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Accounts receivable, trade	$	163,989	$	133,717
Contract assets		6,290		3,844
Accounts receivable, net	$	170,279	$	137,561

Schedule of Provision for Credit Loss

Activity in the provision for credit loss was as follows (in thousands):


	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	(2,539	)	$	(2,559	)	$	(1,415	)
Adoption of ASC 326 on beginning allowance		—			—			(388	)
Provision charged to expense		(203	)		(514	)		(1,259	)
Write-off, net of recoveries		498			500			563
Effects of foreign currency translation		(346	)		34			(60	)
Balance, end of year	$	(2,590	)	$	(2,539	)	$	(2,559	)

Summary of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Estimated			December 31,
	useful lives			2022		2021
Land	Indefinite			$	7,994	$	9,888
Building and improvements	5-39 years				16,995		18,358
Computer equipment and software	3-5 years				45,340		45,027
Office furniture and equipment	5-15 years				13,335		12,947
Leasehold improvements		(1	)		8,766		9,829
Right of use assets under finance leases		(1	)		2,122		2,532
Total property and equipment					94,552		98,581
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization					57,035		58,103
Property and equipment, net				$	37,517	$	40,478

(1)

Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life, generally ranging from five to ten years.

Summary of Other Accrued Expenses and Current Liabilities

The following table provides the details of other accrued expenses and current liabilities (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Obligations related to acquisition of businesses	$	13,136	$	87,636
Income taxes payable		11,524		5,887
Accrued VAT		8,402		6,047
Employee stock purchase plan obligations		3,969		4,222
Accrued professional fees		3,637		3,516
Accrued royalties		2,593		2,537
Non-income tax liabilities		2,465		1,653
Billings in excess of cost		1,874		1,459
Defined contribution plan liabilities		1,393		1,513
Other current liabilities		7,378		7,756
Total	$	56,371	$	122,226

Summary of Other Long-term Liabilities

The following table provides the details of other long-term liabilities (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Deferred tax liabilities	$	16,775	$	15,389
Pension and other post retirement liabilities		12,273		15,086
Other liabilities		12,168		12,419
Total	$	41,216	$	42,894

Schedule of Other Expense (Income), Net

Other expense (income), net consists of the following (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Expense on repurchase of convertible senior notes	$	16,621		$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange loss (gain)		4,405			1,103			(787	)
Other income, net		(4,127	)		(541	)		(1,130	)
Other expense (income), net	$	16,899		$	562		$	(1,917	)

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill Attributable to Software Reportable Segment

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, which is attributable to the Software reportable segment, are as follows (in thousands):


Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	264,481
Acquisitions		108,772
Effects of foreign currency translation and other		(3,075	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021		370,178
Acquisitions		96,092
Effects of foreign currency translation and other		(17,222	)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	449,048

Schedule of Other Intangible Assets

A summary of other intangible assets is shown below (in thousands):


	December 31, 2022
	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology	4-6 years	$	135,703	$	67,665	$	68,038
Customer relationships	7-10 years		57,143		29,148		27,995
Other intangibles	4-10 years		1,448		298		1,150
Total definite-lived intangible assets			194,294		97,111		97,183
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names			10,426				10,426
Total other intangible assets		$	204,720	$	97,111	$	107,609


	December 31, 2021
	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology	4-6 years	$	110,891	$	49,672	$	61,219
Customer relationships	7-10 years		48,277		21,859		26,418
Other intangibles	4-10 years		647		127		520
Total definite-lived intangible assets			159,815		71,658		88,157
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names			10,900				10,900
Total other intangible assets		$	170,715	$	71,658	$	99,057

Summary of Estimated Amortization Expense

Estimated amortization expense for the next five years as of December 31, 2022, is as follows (in thousands):


Year ending
December 31, 2023	$	30,099
December 31, 2024		27,244
December 31, 2025		20,627
December 31, 2026		14,574
December 31, 2027		3,565
Thereafter		1,074
Total	$	97,183

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
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-Section 50
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (g)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
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-Section 50
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13854-109267

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

+ Details

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Carrying Value of Liability Component of 2027 and 2024 Notes

The net carrying value of the liability component of the 2027 and 2024 Notes was as follows (in thousands):


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	2027 Notes		2024 Notes		2027 Notes		2024 Notes
Principal	$	230,000	$	81,754		—	$	230,000
Less: unamortized debt discount		—		—		—		27,022
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		5,247		903		—		3,273
Net carrying amount	$	224,753	$	80,851	$	—	$	199,705

Schedule of Interest Expense Related to 2027 and 2024 Notes

The interest expense related to the 2027 and 2024 Notes was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Contractual interest expense	$	2,452	$	575	$	575
Amortization of debt issuance cost and discount		1,745		11,405		10,806
Total	$	4,197	$	11,980	$	11,381

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Lease Cost

The components of lease cost were as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Operating lease cost	$	13,403	$	13,754	$	13,412

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	266	$	440	$	634
Interest on lease liabilities		6		18		32
Total finance lease cost	$	272	$	458	$	666

Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Lease Liabilities

Supplemental balance sheet information related to lease liabilities was as follows:


	December 31,
(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)	2022			2021
Operating leases:
Operating lease ROU assets	$	33,601		$	28,494

Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	10,396		$	9,933
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		24,065			19,550
Total operating lease liabilities	$	34,461		$	29,483

Weighted average remaining lease term	3.4			3.8
Weighted average discount rate		3.8	%		4.3	%

Finance leases:
Property and equipment	$	2,122		$	2,532
Accumulated depreciation		(2,054	)		(2,151	)
Property and equipment, net	$	68		$	381

Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	$	77		$	195
Other long-term liabilities		15			146
Total finance lease liabilities	$	92		$	341

Weighted average remaining lease term		1.0			1.5
Weighted average discount rate		2.7	%		2.9	%

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(12,949	)	$	(12,058	)	$	(11,875	)
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	(6	)	$	(18	)	$	(32	)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	(242	)	$	(407	)	$	(456	)

ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	12,455		$	6,577		$	11,713
Finance leases		—		$	9		$	118

Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022, were as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31,
2023	$	12,177
2024		8,832
2025		5,996
2026		4,696
2027		2,739
Thereafter		6,617
Total lease payments		41,057
Less: imputed interest		6,596
Total operating lease liabilities	$	34,461

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Summary of Fair value of Company's Stock Options Granted

The fair values of the Company’s stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, were estimated using the following assumptions:


	2022 grants			2021 grants			2020 grants
Weighted average grant date fair value per share	$44.63 - 64.79			$61.93 - 80.06			$29.22 - 57.72
Expected volatility		35	%		35	%	34 - 35%
Expected term (in years)		6.25			6.25			6.25
Risk-free interest rate	1.7% - 4.2%			1.1% - 1.2%			0.46 - 0.6%
Expected dividend yield		0	%		0	%		0	%

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation

The stock-based compensation expense was recorded as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Cost of revenue-software	$	8,351	$	5,619	$	2,473
Research and development		36,250		16,561		8,372
Sales and marketing		30,370		15,044		6,423
General and administrative		9,816		7,325		4,087
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	84,787	$	44,549	$	21,355

NSO Plan [Member]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the NSO Plan:


	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022		1,356,475		$	0.000025		15.0
Exercised		(198,215	)	$	0.000025
Forfeited		—		$	—
Outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2022		1,158,260		$	0.000025		14.0	$	52.7

2012 Plan [Member]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the 2012 Plan for the periods indicated as follows:


	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022		543,889		$	4.15		4.0
Granted		—		$	—
Exercised		(168,515	)	$	3.74
Forfeited		(800	)	$	2.48
Outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2022		374,574		$	4.34		3.4	$	15.4

2017 Plan [Member]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the 2017 Plan for the period:


	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022		4,875,562		$	51.02		8.8
Granted		2,855,812		$	49.12
Exercised		(73,128	)	$	40.03
Forfeited		(166,755	)	$	54.69
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022		7,491,491		$	50.39		8.5	$	11.5
Exercisable as of December 31, 2022		2,162,645		$	48.88		7.5	$	5.8

Summary of Restricted Stock Units Awarded

The following table summarizes the restricted stock units, or RSUs, awarded under the 2017 Plan for the period:


	Number of RSUs
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022		1,281,411
Granted		476,476
Vested		(477,604	)
Forfeited		(49,509	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022		1,230,774

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
U.S.	$	(62,702	)	$	(27,850	)	$	(22,127	)
Non-U.S.		34,489			27,562			24,159
	$	(28,213	)	$	(288	)	$	2,032

Schedule of Significant Components of Income Tax Expense

The significant components of the income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Current
U.S. Federal	$	—		$	—		$	—
Non-U.S.		18,759			9,781			23,197
U.S. State and Local		621			227			(315	)
Total current		19,380			10,008			22,882
Deferred
U.S. Federal		23			26			(881	)
Non-U.S.		(4,206	)		(1,550	)		(9,849	)
U.S. State and Local		19			22			380
Total deferred		(4,164	)		(1,502	)		(10,350	)
Income tax expense	$	15,216		$	8,506		$	12,532

Reconciliation of Income Taxes Calculated at U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate

The reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate to income tax expense is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
U.S. federal statutory rate		21	%		21	%		21	%
Income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	(5,925	)	$	(60	)	$	427
Foreign income taxes at rates other than the federal statutory rate		2,249			2,950			1,161
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit		(5,976	)		(4,826	)		(4,892	)
U.S. effect of changes in tax laws		—			—			4,946
U.S. effect of foreign operations		15,827			1,827			1,205
Change in valuation allowance		7,830			20,212			5,215
Foreign withholding taxes		6,738			(4,545	)		5,236
U.S. foreign tax credit and deduction		(12,315	)		(288	)		(1,308	)
Research and development tax credit		(326	)		(784	)		2,576
Stock-based compensation		8,649			(12,791	)		(5,034	)
Other		1,250			753			825
Uncertain tax positions		472			6,058			2,175
FDII deduction		(5,245	)		—			—
Mark-to-market adjustment of contingent consideration		(1,502	)		—			—
Repurchase of convertible senior notes		3,490			—			—
Income tax expense	$	15,216		$	8,506		$	12,532

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities


	December 31,
	2022			2021
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue	$	18,571		$	12,217
Net operating loss carryforwards		64,091			87,144
Tax credit carryforwards		24,319			26,035
Stock-based compensation		8,312			5,011
Capitalized research and development		43,860			4,408
Lease obligation		8,810			8,518
Employee benefits		5,941			6,460
Other		5,931			3,866
Total gross deferred tax assets		179,835			153,659
Less: valuation allowances		(149,441	)		(119,981	)
Net deferred tax assets (1)		30,394			33,678
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment and intangibles		24,155			21,834
Deferred tax on investment in subsidiary		1,500			1,500
Lease right of use asset		8,578			8,283
Convertible debt, net of issuance costs		-			6,331
Other		3,209			2,624
Total deferred tax liabilities		37,442			40,572
Total net deferred tax (liabilities) assets	$	(7,048	)	$	(6,894	)

(1)

Reflects gross amount before jurisdictional netting of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Summary of Changes to Valuation Allowance Balance

The following table summarizes the changes to the valuation allowance balance (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	119,981	$	96,831	$	84,356
Additions charged to expense		7,830		20,212		5,215
Other		21,630		2,938		7,260
Ending balance	$	149,441	$	119,981	$	96,831

Summary of Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards

The following table summarizes the amount and expiration dates of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Expiration dates	Amounts
U.S. general business credits and loss carryforwards	2023-Indefinite	$	65,755
Foreign general business credits and loss carryforwards	2023-Indefinite		19,428
U.S. foreign tax credits	2027		3,227
Total operating loss and tax credit carryforwards		$	88,410

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Unrecognized tax benefits—January 1	$	16,376		$	8,310		$	12,114
Additions for tax positions of current period		50			1,042			209
Additions for tax positions of prior periods		13,910			8,983			1,849
Reductions for tax positions of prior periods		(1,334	)		(1,934	)		(5,862	)
Reductions due to statute of limitations		(25	)		(25	)		—
Unrecognized tax benefits—December 31	$	28,977		$	16,376		$	8,310

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Numerators and Denominators Used in Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share Amounts

The following table sets forth the computation of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted net loss per share amounts (in thousands, except per share data):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(43,429	)	$	(8,794	)	$	(10,500	)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic and diluted loss per share — weighted average shares		79,472			76,179			73,241
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.55	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.14	)

Schedule of Anti-dilutive Shares Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share

Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share were as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Stock options and ESPP		961		3,425		3,123
Convertible shares		4,958		1,555		—
Total shares excluded from calculation		5,919		4,980		3,123

Retirement Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Pension Benefits Obligation Recorded in Consolidated Balance Sheets

A summary of the components of the pension benefits obligation recorded in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Other long-term assets	$	127	$	—
Accrued compensation and benefits		957		650
Other long-term liabilities		12,273		15,086
	$	13,103	$	15,736

Schedule of Estimated Future Benefit Payments

The estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service that are expected to be paid for each of the next five years are as follows (in thousands):


Year ending
December 31, 2023	$	1,018
December 31, 2024	$	731
December 31, 2025	$	792
December 31, 2026	$	1,274
December 31, 2027	$	1,219
Next five years	$	5,627

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in thousands):


	Foreign currency translation			Retirement related benefit plans			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	(6,928	)	$	(2,600	)	$	(9,528	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		7,782			(501	)		7,281
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			(858	)		(858	)
Tax effects		—			308			308
Other comprehensive income (loss)		7,782			(1,051	)		6,731
Balance as of December 31, 2020		854			(3,651	)		(2,797	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		(7,254	)		198			(7,056	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			1,199			1,199
Tax effects		—			(296	)		(296	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(7,254	)		1,101			(6,153	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021		(6,400	)		(2,550	)		(8,950	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		(24,084	)		87			(23,997	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			3,253			3,253
Tax effects		—			(308	)		(308	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(24,084	)		3,032			(21,052	)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(30,484	)	$	482		$	(30,002	)

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Future Purchase Obligations

The future purchase obligations for these agreements are as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31,
2023	$	23,570
2024		7,370
2025		5,152
2026		1,929
2027		300
Thereafter		—
Total	$	38,321

Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information

The following tables are in thousands:


Year ended December 31, 2022	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	537,169	$	28,883	$	6,169		$	572,221
Adjusted EBITDA	$	107,638	$	2,576	$	(1,614	)	$	108,600


Year ended December 31, 2021	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	485,569	$	39,282	$	7,328		$	532,179
Adjusted EBITDA	$	82,845	$	4,723	$	(2,315	)	$	85,253


Year ended December 31, 2020	Software		CES		All other			Total
Revenue	$	418,165	$	44,320	$	7,436		$	469,921
Adjusted EBITDA	$	53,820	$	5,129	$	(1,661	)	$	57,288

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes to Adjusted EBITDA


	Year ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP (loss) income before income taxes:
Adjusted EBITDA	$	108,600		$	85,253		$	57,288
Stock-based compensation expense		(84,787	)		(44,549	)		(21,355	)
Interest expense		(4,377	)		(12,065	)		(11,598	)
Depreciation and amortization		(35,504	)		(25,644	)		(23,806	)
Restructuring expense		—			(5,053	)		—
Special adjustments, interest income and other (1)		(12,145	)		1,770			1,503
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(28,213	)	$	(288	)	$	2,032

Summary of Sales to External Customers and Long-Lived Assets by Geographical Areas


	Revenue						Long-lived assets (1)
	Year ended December 31,						December 31,
	2022		2021		2020		2022		2021
United States	$	274,635	$	259,344	$	233,611	$	56,853	$	54,559
Other countries		13,425		12,249		12,127		5,841		8,777
Total Americas		288,060		271,593		245,738		62,694		63,336
Germany		51,495		52,227		48,559		25,332		7,212
France		19,442		19,694		15,287		740		1,155
Other countries		69,769		52,264		49,403		39,405		48,474
Total Europe, Middle East and Africa		140,706		124,185		113,249		65,477		56,841
Japan		40,335		42,322		41,109		944		1,346
Other countries		103,120		94,079		69,825		5,585		7,112
Total Asia Pacific		143,455		136,401		110,934		6,529		8,458
Total	$	572,221	$	532,179	$	469,921	$	134,700	$	128,635

(1)

Includes property and equipment, net and definite-lived intangible assets, net.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Impairment losses	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Impairment charge of indefinite-lived intangible assets	0
Income tax receivable, current	11,259,000	9,388,000
Advertising expenses	$ 5,000,000.0	4,300,000	$ 4,000,000.0
Shares issued			133,336
Mezzanine equity Lapsed	66,664
Accumulated deficit	$ (121,577,000)	(102,087,000)
Additional paid-in capital	721,307,000	724,226,000
Convertible senior notes, net	0	$ 199,705,000
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Assets held for sale - building and related assets	2,700,000
Operating Income [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Govenment funds	$ 3,000,000.0
ASU 2019-12
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted [true false]		true
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Immaterial Effect [true false]		true
ASU 2021-08
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted [true false]		true
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Immaterial Effect [true false]		true
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation awards requisite service period	4 years
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Put Option [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Put right exercise period from date of purchase				5 years
Shares issued				200,000
Put right, exercise price				$ 12.50
Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry, France [Member] \| Research and Development Tax Credit Carryforward [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward, period	3 years
Income tax receivable	$ 10,000,000.0	$ 12,000,000.0
Income tax receivable, current	3,100,000	3,500,000
Income tax receivable, noncurrent	$ 6,900,000	$ 8,500,000
Building and Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Building and Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	39 years
Computer Equipment and Software [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	3 years
Computer Equipment and Software [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	15 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 572,221	$ 532,179	$ 469,921
Term Licenses and Other [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	320,181	283,226	224,472
Perpetual Licenses [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	43,339	41,582	35,493
Maintenance [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	135,752	122,733	117,159
Professional Software Services [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	7,236	6,205	14,587
Software Related Services [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	30,661	31,823	26,454
Client Engineering Services [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	28,883	39,282	44,320
Other [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 6,169	$ 7,328	$ 7,436

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9038-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130543-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9054-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130545-203045

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 572,221	$ 532,179	$ 469,921
Term Licenses and Other, Hardware Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 7,000	$ 9,000
Professional Software Services, Hardware Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue			$ 10,000

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Percentage of net revenues through indirect channels	13.90%	12.00%	11.20%
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period	4 years
Capitalized contract cost, amortization method	straight-line basis
Contract assets	$ 6,290	$ 3,844
Deferred revenue, revenue recognized	89,400
Contracted revenue not yet recognized	$ 171,100	146,400
Revenue recognize percentage	73.00%
Sales and Marketing Expense [Member]
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Sales commissions	$ 8,300	7,300
Prepaid and Other Current Assets [Member]
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost net, current	3,900	4,500
Contract assets	2,300	2,300
Other Long-Term Assets [Member]
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost net, noncurrent	400	400
Accounts Receivable [Member]
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Contract assets	$ 6,300	$ 3,800

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Additional Information (Detail)1	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-12-31
Revenue From Contracts With Customers [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining contractual obligation, expected to recognize, period	12 months

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) Company	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Business	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) Company	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gain on mark-to-market adjustment of contingent consideration				$ (7,153)	$ 0	$ 0
Stock purchase plan agreement				$ 8,723
Rapid Miner [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred	$ 98,594
Concept Engineering [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred		$ 25,325
Concept Engineering [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, percentage of interest acquired		100.00%
Stock-based compensation awards requisite service period				1 year 4 months 24 days
World Programming [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred			$ 73,243
Number of privately held acquired \| Company			2		2
Contingent consideration			$ 23,200	$ 3,500	$ 23,200
Gain on mark-to-market adjustment of contingent consideration				$ 7,200
World Programming [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation awards requisite service period				2 years
World Programming [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amount of cash consideration			50,000
Contingent consideration			$ 19,700		$ 19,700
Stock-based compensation awards requisite service period			3 years
Stock purchase plan agreement			$ 29,500
Other Business Acquisitions [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred				$ 18,000
Number of business acquisitions completed \| Business				3
Net liabilities acquired				$ 900
Other Business Acquisitions [Member] \| Goodwill [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred				4,600
Other Business Acquisitions [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred				11,600
Other Business Acquisitions [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred				2,700
Other Business Acquisitions [Member] \| Tax Deduction [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred				$ 3,200

Acquisitions - Summary of Amounts of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at the Acquisition Date (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2020
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Deferred tax assets			$ 33,678	$ 30,394
Goodwill			370,178	$ 449,048	$ 264,481
Rapid Miner [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred	$ 98,594
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	3,530
Accounts receivable	3,548
Other assets	3,088
Deferred tax assets	782
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(2,844)
Deferred revenue	(1,584)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed	21,917
Goodwill	76,677
Rapid Miner [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles	8,884
Rapid Miner [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles	5,711
Rapid Miner [Member] \| Trade Names [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles	$ 802
Concept Engineering [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred		$ 25,325
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash		2,468
Accounts receivable		1,552
Other assets		418
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(393)
Deferred revenue		(624)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves		(3,919)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed		10,437
Goodwill		14,888
Concept Engineering [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles		7,620
Concept Engineering [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles		$ 3,315
World Programming [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of consideration transferred			73,243
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash			1,895
Accounts receivable			5,656
Other assets			5,756
Property and equipment			2,209
SAS legal liability			(66,596)
Accounts payable and other liabilities			(3,401)
Deferred revenue			(2,737)
Deferred tax liabilities and other tax reserves			(11,406)
Total net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed			(28,324)
Goodwill			101,567
World Programming [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles			33,000
World Programming [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles			7,000
World Programming [Member] \| Trade Names [Member]
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles			$ 300

Acquisitions - Summary of Amounts of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at the Acquisition Date (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Rapid Miner [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill deductible for tax purposes	$ 0
Rapid Miner [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	5 years
Rapid Miner [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	7 years
Rapid Miner [Member] \| Trade Names [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	7 years
Concept Engineering [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill deductible for tax purposes		$ 0
Concept Engineering [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets		4 years
Concept Engineering [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets		7 years
World Programming [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill deductible for tax purposes			$ 0
World Programming [Member] \| Developed Technology [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets			5 years
World Programming [Member] \| Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets			7 years
World Programming [Member] \| Trade Names [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets			4 years

Supplementary Information - Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Supplementary Information [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 316,146	$ 413,743
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets	812	269
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 316,958	$ 414,012	$ 241,547	$ 223,497

Supplementary Information - Schedule of Accounts Receivable Net (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Supplementary Information [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, trade	$ 163,989	$ 133,717
Contract assets	6,290	3,844
Accounts receivable, net	$ 170,279	$ 137,561

Supplementary Information - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Supplementary Information [Line Items]
Provision for credit loss		$ 2,590,000	$ 2,539,000	$ 2,559,000	$ 1,415,000
Depreciation expense, including amortization of right-of-use assets under finance leases		8,000,000.0	7,300,000	7,400,000
Proceeds from private placement of common stock		0	200,000,000	0
Restructuring costs		$ 0	$ 5,053,000	$ (0)
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Private Placement [Member] \| Matrix Capital Management Company LP [Member]
Supplementary Information [Line Items]
Stock issued	2,935,564
Proceeds from private placement of common stock	$ 200,000,000.0

Supplementary Information - Schedule of Provision for Credit Loss (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	$ (2,539)	$ (2,559)	$ (1,415)
Provision charged to expense	(203)	(514)	(1,259)
Write-off, net of recoveries	498	500	563
Effects of foreign currency translation	(346)	34	(60)
Balance, end of year	$ (2,590)	$ (2,539)	(2,559)
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]
Accounts Notes And Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year			$ (388)
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]			us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201613Member

- Definition

Indicates amendment to accounting standards.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Supplementary Information - Summary of Property and Equipment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 94,552	$ 98,581
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	57,035	58,103
Property and equipment, net	37,517	40,478
Land [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 7,994	9,888
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	Indefinite
Building and Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 16,995	18,358
Building and Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Building and Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	39 years
Computer Equipment and Software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 45,340	45,027
Computer Equipment and Software [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	3 years
Computer Equipment and Software [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 13,335	12,947
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	15 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 8,766	9,829
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 2,122	$ 2,532
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years

Supplementary Information - Summary of Property and Equipment (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years
Right-of-Use Assets Under Finance Leases [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years

Supplementary Information - Summary of Other Accrued Expenses and Current Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Obligations related to acquisition of businesses	$ 13,136	$ 87,636
Income taxes payable	11,524	5,887
Accrued VAT	8,402	6,047
Employee stock purchase plan obligations	3,969	4,222
Accrued professional fees	3,637	3,516
Accrued royalties	2,593	2,537
Non-income tax liabilities	2,465	1,653
Billings in excess of cost	1,874	1,459
Defined contribution plan liabilities	1,393	1,513
Other current liabilities	7,378	7,756
Total	$ 56,371	$ 122,226

Supplementary Information - Summary of Other Long-term Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred tax liabilities	$ 16,775	$ 15,389
Pension and other post retirement liabilities	12,273	15,086
Other liabilities	12,168	12,419
Total	$ 41,216	$ 42,894

Supplementary Information - Schedule of Other Expense (Income), Net (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Supplementary Information Schedule Of Other Expense Income Net Detail [Abstract]
Expense on repurchase of convertible senior notes	$ 16,621	$ 0	$ 0
Foreign exchange loss (gain)	4,405	1,103	(787)
Other income, net	(4,127)	(541)	(1,130)
Other expense (income), net	$ 16,899	$ 562	$ (1,917)

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill Attributable to Software Reportable Segment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Beginning Balance	$ 370,178	$ 264,481
Acquisitions	96,092	108,772
Effects of foreign currency translation and other	(17,222)	(3,075)
Ending Balance	$ 449,048	$ 370,178

- Definition

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References + Details

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Schedule of Other Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 194,294	$ 159,815
Accumulated amortization	97,111	71,658
Net carrying amount	97,183	88,157
Gross carrying amount	204,720	170,715
Net carrying amount	107,609	99,057
Developed Technology [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount		110,891
Accumulated amortization	67,665	49,672
Net carrying amount	68,038	$ 61,219
Gross carrying amount	$ 135,703
Developed Technology [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	4 years	4 years
Developed Technology [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	6 years	6 years
Customer Relationships [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 57,143	$ 48,277
Accumulated amortization	29,148	21,859
Net carrying amount	$ 27,995	$ 26,418
Customer Relationships [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	7 years	7 years
Customer Relationships [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	10 years	10 years
Other Intangibles [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 1,448	$ 647
Accumulated amortization	298	127
Net carrying amount	$ 1,150	$ 520
Other Intangibles [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	4 years	4 years
Other Intangibles [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-average useful life of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	10 years	10 years
Trade Names [Member]
Summary Of Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount		$ 10,900
Net carrying amount	$ 10,426	$ 10,900
Gross carrying amount	$ 10,426

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 27,510	$ 18,357	$ 16,376

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Estimated Amortization Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
December 31, 2023	$ 30,099
December 31, 2024	27,244
December 31, 2025	20,627
December 31, 2026	14,574
December 31, 2027	3,565
Thereafter	1,074
Net carrying amount	$ 97,183	$ 88,157

Debt - Additional Information (Detail)	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
Debt - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Days $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Days $ / shares shares	Nov. 07, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit	$ (121,577,000)			$ (121,577,000)		$ (102,087,000)
Additional paid-in capital	721,307,000			721,307,000		724,226,000
Convertible senior notes, net	$ 0			$ 0		199,705,000
ASU 2020-06 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adopted [true false]	true			true
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adoption Date	Jan. 01, 2022			Jan. 01, 2022
ASU 2020-06 [Member] \| Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit	$ 23,900,000			$ 23,900,000
Additional paid-in capital	50,000,000.0			50,000,000.0
Convertible senior notes, net	26,100,000			26,100,000
Overdraft and Line of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan outstanding	0			0		0
Amount available under secured credit agreement	$ 3,100,000			$ 3,100,000		3,300,000
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount			$ 230,000,000.0
Debt instrument interest rate	0.25%		0.25%	0.25%
Additional principal amount of notes to underwriters			$ 30,000,000.0
Net proceeds from issuance of costs			$ 221,900,000
Debt instrument frequency of periodic payment				semi-annually
Interest payment commencement date			Dec. 01, 2019
Debt instrument maturity date			Jun. 01, 2024
Debt instrument, description				The interest rate is fixed at 0.25% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, which commenced on December 1, 2019.
Debt instrument conversion rate principal amount of notes	$ 1,000			$ 1,000
Debt instrument, convertible, terms of conversion feature				The 2024 Notes have an initial conversion rate of 21.5049 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2024 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $46.50 per share of its Class A common stock.
Debt instrument repurchased face amount	148,200,000			$ 148,200,000
Repayments of notes payable				192,400,000
Fair value expense recognized				16,600,000
Debt instrument principal outstanding	$ 81,800,000			$ 81,800,000
Convertible senior notes, net						199,705,000
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| ASU 2020-06 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Change in Accounting Principle, Accounting Standards Update, Adoption Date	Jan. 01, 2022			Jan. 01, 2022
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| ASU 2020-06 [Member] \| Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit	$ 23,900,000			$ 23,900,000
Additional paid-in capital	50,000,000.0			50,000,000.0
Convertible senior notes, net	26,100,000			26,100,000
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued \| shares			21.5049
Debt instrument conversion rate principal amount of notes			$ 1,000
Debt instrument convertible initial conversion price per share of common stock \| $ / shares			$ 46.50
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Notes, Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 1 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument conversion rate principal amount of notes	$ 1,000			$ 1,000
Debt instrument, convertible, business days \| Days	5
Debt instrument, convertible, consecutive trading days \| Days	30			30
Debt instrument, convertible, maximum threshold percentage of sale price of common stock during measurement period	98.00%
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage				100.00%
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Notes, Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 1 [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, trading days \| Days	20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of conversion price	130.00%
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Notes, Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 2 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, consecutive trading days \| Days	5
Convertible senior notes due in 2027 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, aggregate principal amount		$ 230,000,000.0
Debt instrument interest rate	1.75%	1.75%		1.75%
Additional principal amount of notes to initial purchaser's		$ 30,000,000.0
Net proceeds from issuance of costs		$ 224,300,000
Debt instrument frequency of periodic payment				semiannually
Interest payment commencement date				Dec. 15, 2022
Debt instrument, description				The 2027 Notes mature on June 15, 2027, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. The Company may redeem for cash all or, subject to certain limitations, any portion of the 2027 Notes, at its option, on or after June 20, 2025 if the last reported sale price of Altair's Class A Common Stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. The 2027 Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.750% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, which commenced on December 15, 2022.
Debt instrument conversion rate principal amount of notes	$ 1,000			$ 1,000
Debt instrument, convertible, terms of conversion feature				The 2027 Notes have an initial conversion rate of 13.9505 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2027 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $71.68 per share of Class A common stock.
Convertible senior notes, net						$ 0
Increase in line of credit borrowing capacity					$ 50,000,000.0
Convertible senior notes due in 2027 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued \| shares				13.9505
Debt instrument conversion rate principal amount of notes	$ 1,000			$ 1,000
Debt instrument convertible initial conversion price per share of common stock \| $ / shares	$ 71.68			$ 71.68
Convertible senior notes due in 2027 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Notes, Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 1 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument conversion rate principal amount of notes	$ 1,000			$ 1,000
Debt instrument, convertible, business days \| Days	5
Debt instrument, convertible, consecutive trading days \| Days	30
Debt instrument, convertible, maximum threshold percentage of sale price of common stock during measurement period	98.00%
Convertible senior notes due in 2027 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Notes, Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 1 [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, trading days \| Days	20			20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of conversion price	130.00%			130.00%
Convertible senior notes due in 2027 [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Notes, Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 2 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, consecutive trading days \| Days	5
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maturity date				Dec. 31, 2025
Credit facility	$ 200,000,000.0			$ 200,000,000.0
Increase in unrestricted domestic cash				$ 20,000,000.0
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Federal Funds Effective Swap Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate				0.50%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate				1.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fees on unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility				0.15%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Minimum [Member] \| Term Benchmark Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility	1.25%			1.25%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Minimum [Member] \| Swingline Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility	0.25%			0.25%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Minimum [Member] \| ABR Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility	0.25%			0.25%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fees on unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility				0.30%
Senior secured leverage ratio				3.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Maximum [Member] \| Term Benchmark Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility	2.00%			2.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Maximum [Member] \| Swingline Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility	1.00%			1.00%
Twenty Nineteen Credit Agreement \| Maximum [Member] \| ABR Loans [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin for borrowings under new credit facility	1.00%			1.00%
Secured Credit Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan outstanding	$ 0			$ 0

Debt - Schedule of Net Carrying Value of Liability Component of 2027 and 2024 Notes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net carrying amount	$ 0	$ 199,705
Net carrying amount	305,604	0
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	81,754	230,000
Less: unamortized debt discount	0	27,022
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	903	3,273
Net carrying amount		199,705
Net carrying amount	80,851
Convertible senior notes due in 2027 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	230,000	0
Less: unamortized debt discount	0	0
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	5,247	0
Net carrying amount		$ 0
Net carrying amount	$ 224,753

Debt - Schedule of Interest Expense Related to 2027 and 2024 Notes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortization of debt issuance cost and discount	$ 1,792	$ 11,428	$ 10,829
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 and 2027 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	2,452	575	575
Amortization of debt issuance cost and discount	1,745	11,405	10,806
Total	$ 4,197	$ 11,980	$ 11,381

Leases - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Rent cost for operating leases	$ 11.7	$ 12.2	$ 12.1
Minimum [Member]
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Leases, remaining lease term	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Leases, remaining lease term	15 years
Leases, options to terminate leases	3 years

Leases - Schedule of Components of Lease Cost (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 13,403	$ 13,754	$ 13,412
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	266	440	634
Interest on lease liabilities	6	18	32
Total finance lease cost	$ 272	$ 458	$ 666

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Lease Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating leases:
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 33,601	$ 28,494
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	10,396	9,933
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	24,065	19,550
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 34,461	$ 29,483
Weighted average remaining lease term	3 years 4 months 24 days	3 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average discount rate	3.80%	4.30%
Finance leases:
Property and equipment	$ 2,122	$ 2,532
Accumulated depreciation	(2,054)	(2,151)
Property and equipment, net	$ 68	$ 381
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	$ 77	$ 195
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	Other accrued expenses and current liabilities
Other long-term liabilities	$ 15	$ 146
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 92	$ 341
Weighted average remaining lease term	1 year	1 year 6 months
Weighted average discount rate	2.70%	2.90%

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ (12,949)	$ (12,058)	$ (11,875)
Operating cash flows from finance leases	(6)	(18)	(32)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(242)	(407)	(456)
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	12,455	6,577	11,713
Finance leases	$ 0	$ 9	$ 118

Leases - Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 12,177
2024	8,832
2025	5,996
2026	4,696
2027	2,739
Thereafter	6,617
Total lease payments	41,057
Less: imputed interest	6,596
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 34,461	$ 29,483

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Convertible Senior Notes Due In Two Thousand Twenty Seven [Member]
Fair Value Balance Sheet Grouping Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair value of convertible notes	$ 210.4
Convertible Senior Notes Due In Two Thousand Twenty Four [Member]
Fair Value Balance Sheet Grouping Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair value of convertible notes	$ 91.2

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized	45,000,000	45,000,000
Preferred stock, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock dividends \| $ / shares	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized	513,796,572	513,797,000
Common stock, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Number of votes entitled per share \| Vote	1
Shares authorized to be repurchased amount \| $				$ 50.0
Number of shares repurchased	460,950
Stock repurchase program, Average price per share \| $ / shares	$ 46.99
Stock repurchase program, Repurchase amount \| $	$ 21.7
Stock repurchase program, Repurchase Shares	28,300,000
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized	41,203,428	41,203,000
Common stock, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Number of votes entitled per share \| Vote	10

Stock-based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail)	1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Oct. 31, 2019 shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Installment $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) shares	Sep. 27, 2017 shares	Dec. 31, 2012 shares	Dec. 31, 2001 shares
Polliwog Co. Ltd. [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense					$ 2,200,000	$ 2,900,000	$ 2,900,000
Business combination, estimated post combination expense					8,700,000
World Programming [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense					17,600,000	$ 700,000
Business combination, estimated post combination expense					$ 29,500,000
Weighted average remaining service period					2 years
Powersim Inc [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense					$ 2,700,000
Weighted average remaining service period					1 year 2 months 12 days
Concept Engineering [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense					$ 2,700,000
Weighted average remaining service period					1 year 4 months 24 days
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation cost related to nonvested awards not yet recognized					$ 56,000,000.0
Weighted average remaining service period					4 years
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Initial offering period beginning date					Jul. 15, 2021
Offering period expiration date					Jan. 14, 2022
Amount of eligible compensation for employee payroll deductions					$ 25,000
Monthly participant contributions limited to prevent prejudicial advantages to higher compensated employees					$ 1,000
Percentage of purchase price for each share of common stock purchased of lower of fair market value per share on first day of applicable offering period					85.00%
Purchases related to ESPP \| shares						0
Stock-based compensation expense					$ 2,600,000	$ 1,200,000
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance \| shares					3,014,960
Purchases related to ESPP \| shares					185,040
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member] \| The Timing of Payroll Deductions [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Amount withheld on behalf of employees for a future purchase					$ 4,000,000.0	4,200,000
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of eligible compensation for employee payroll deductions					15.00%
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Purchases related to ESPP \| shares					185,000
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Polliwog Co. Ltd. [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Business acquisition, shares issued \| shares				256,594
Business acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable, description				stock purchase agreement, 256,594 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock were issued to existing employees, subject to continuing employment. The shares were issued on the one-, two- and three-year anniversaries of the closing.
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| World Programming [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining service period			3 years
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| World Programming [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Business acquisition, shares issued value			$ 29,500,000			$ 29,500,000
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Powersim Inc [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Business acquisition, shares issued \| shares		68,792
Business acquisition, shares issued value		$ 4,300,000
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Concept Engineering [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Business acquisition, shares issued \| shares	105,082
Business acquisition, shares issued value	$ 6,000,000.0
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Employee [Member] \| Powersim Inc [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Business acquisition, shares issued \| shares		34,396
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Employee [Member] \| Concept Engineering [Member] \| Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Business acquisition, shares issued \| shares	52,541
NSO Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options, outstanding \| shares			1,356,475		1,158,260	1,356,475
Exercise price stock options outstanding \| $ / shares			$ 0.000025		$ 0.000025	$ 0.000025
Contractual term					35 years
Intrinsic value of options exercised					$ 11,000,000.0	$ 78,700,000	$ 43,100,000
ISO Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options, outstanding \| shares							0
Intrinsic value of options exercised							$ 3,800,000
ISO Plan [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized \| shares										11,153,872
2012 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options, outstanding \| shares			543,889			543,889
Exercise price stock options outstanding \| $ / shares			$ 4.15			$ 4.15
Contractual term					10 years
Intrinsic value of options exercised					$ 8,500,000	$ 17,500,000	13,900,000
Weighted average remaining service period					4 years
2012 Plan [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized \| shares									5,200,000
2017 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options, outstanding \| shares			4,875,562		7,491,491	4,875,562
Exercise price stock options outstanding \| $ / shares			$ 51.02		$ 50.39	$ 51.02
Intrinsic value of options exercised					$ 1,100,000	$ 700,000	$ 0.0
2017 Plan [Member] \| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs \| $ / shares					$ 56.65
Number of vesting equal annual installments \| Installment					4
Weighted average period of recognition					2 years 2 months 12 days
Fair value of RSUs vested					$ 27,200,000
2017 Plan [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance \| shares								16,999,318

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity under NSO Plan (Detail) - NSO Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Number of options, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	1,356,475
Number of options, Exercised	(198,215)
Number of options, Forfeited	0
Number of options, Outstanding and exercisable, Ending Balance	1,158,260
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	$ 0.000025
Weighted average exercise price per share, Exercised	0.000025
Weighted average exercise price per share, Forfeited	0
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding and exercisable, Ending Balance	$ 0.000025
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding		15 years
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding and exercisable	14 years
Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding and exercisable	$ 52.7

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity under 2012 Plan (Detail) - 2012 Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Number of options, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	543,889
Number of options, Granted	0
Number of options, Exercised	(168,515)
Number of options, Forfeited	(800)
Number of options, Outstanding and exercisable, Ending Balance	374,574
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	$ 4.15
Weighted average exercise price per share, Granted	0
Weighted average exercise price per share, Exercised	3.74
Weighted average exercise price per share, Forfeited	2.48
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding and exercisable, Ending Balance	$ 4.34
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding		4 years
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding and exercisable	3 years 4 months 24 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding and exercisable	$ 15.4

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Units Awarded (Detail) - 2017 Plan [Member] - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Number of RSUs, Outstanding Beginning Balance	1,281,411
Number of RSUs, Granted	476,476
Number of RSUs, Vested	(477,604)
Number of RSUs, Forfeited	(49,509)
Number of RSUs, Outstanding Ending Balance	1,230,774

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity under 2017 Plan (Detail) - 2017 Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Number of options, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	4,875,562
Number of options, Granted	2,855,812
Number of options, Exercised	(73,128)
Number of options, Forfeited	(166,755)
Number of options, Outstanding, Ending Balance	7,491,491	4,875,562
Number of options, Exercisable	2,162,645
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	$ 51.02
Weighted average exercise price per share, Granted	49.12
Weighted average exercise price per share, Exercised	40.03
Weighted average exercise price per share, Forfeited	54.69
Weighted average exercise price per share, Outstanding, Ending Balance	50.39	$ 51.02
Weighted average exercise price per share, Exercisable	$ 48.88
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Outstanding	8 years 6 months	8 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), Exercisable	7 years 6 months
Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding	$ 11.5
Aggregate intrinsic value, Exercisable	$ 5.8

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Fair value of Company's Stock Options Granted (Detail) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	35.00%	35.00%
Expected volatility, minimum			34.00%
Expected volatility, maximum			35.00%
Expected term (in years)	6 years 3 months	6 years 3 months	6 years 3 months
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	1.70%	1.10%	0.46%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	4.20%	1.20%	0.60%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value per share	$ 44.63	$ 61.93	$ 29.22
Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value per share	$ 64.79	$ 80.06	$ 57.72

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 84,787	$ 44,549	$ 21,355
Cost of Revenue - Software [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	8,351	5,619	2,473
Research and Development [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	36,250	16,561	8,372
Sales and marketing [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	30,370	15,044	6,423
General and Administrative [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 9,816	$ 7,325	$ 4,087

Income Taxes - Components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S	$ (62,702)	$ (27,850)	$ (22,127)
Non-U.S	34,489	27,562	24,159
(Loss) income before income taxes	$ (28,213)	$ (288)	$ 2,032

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 940
-SubTopic 20
-Section 25
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126941158&loc=d3e41242-110953

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227

Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 235
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399901&loc=d3e537907-122884

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8924-108599

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260

+ Details

Income Taxes - Significant Components of Income Tax Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current
U.S. Federal	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Non-U.S.	18,759	9,781	23,197
U.S. State and Local	621	227	(315)
Total current	19,380	10,008	22,882
Deferred
U.S. Federal	23	26	(881)
Non-U.S.	(4,206)	(1,550)	(9,849)
U.S. State and Local	19	22	380
Total deferred	(4,164)	(1,502)	(10,350)
Income tax expense	$ 15,216	$ 8,506	$ 12,532

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Taxes Calculated at U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. federal statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate	$ (5,925)	$ (60)	$ 427
Foreign income taxes at rates other than the federal statutory rate	2,249	2,950	1,161
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit	(5,976)	(4,826)	(4,892)
U.S. effect of changes in tax laws	0	0	4,946
U.S. effect of foreign operations	15,827	1,827	1,205
Change in valuation allowance	7,830	20,212	5,215
Foreign withholding taxes	6,738	(4,545)	5,236
U.S. foreign tax credit and deduction	(12,315)	(288)	(1,308)
Research and development tax credit	(326)	(784)	2,576
Stock-based compensation	8,649	(12,791)	(5,034)
Other	1,250	753	825
Uncertain tax positions	472	6,058	2,175
FDII deduction	(5,245)	0	0
Mark-to-market adjustment of contingent consideration	(1,502)	0	0
Repurchase of convertible senior notes	3,490	0	0
Income tax expense	$ 15,216	$ 8,506	$ 12,532

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Tax cuts and jobs act, foreign income exemption criteria subject to corporate tax rate minimum percentage		90.00%
U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Increase in Deferred Tax Assets in Process Research and Development	$ 39,500
Capitalized Research and Development Expense	178,700
Gross unrecognized tax benefits recognized would affect the effective tax rate	10,300	$ 1,000
Reduction in unrecognized tax benefits which if recognized would not impact effective tax rate in next 12 months	200
Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits	1,000		$ 500
Valuation Allowance of Deferred Tax Assets [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Valuation allowance in other	21,630	2,938	7,260
Issuance of Convertible Debt [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Valuation allowance in other	6,800
Univa [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Valuation allowance in other			$ 7,300
World Programming [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Valuation allowance in other		$ 2,900
Rapid Miner [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Valuation allowance in other	13,100
Rapid Miner [Member] \| Valuation Allowance of Deferred Tax Assets [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Valuation allowance in other	$ 21,600

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue	$ 18,571	$ 12,217
Net operating loss carryforwards	64,091	87,144
Tax credit carryforwards	24,319	26,035
Stock-based compensation	8,312	5,011
Capitalized research and development	43,860	4,408
Lease obligation	8,810	8,518
Employee benefits	5,941	6,460
Other	5,931	3,866
Total gross deferred tax assets	179,835	153,659
Less: valuation allowances	(149,441)	(119,981)
Net deferred tax assets	30,394	33,678
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment and intangibles	24,155	21,834
Deferred tax on investment in subsidiary	1,500	1,500
Lease right of use asset	8,578	8,283
Convertible debt, net of issuance costs	0	6,331
Other	3,209	2,624
Total deferred tax liabilities	37,442	40,572
Total net deferred tax (liabilities) assets	$ (7,048)	$ (6,894)

Income Taxes - Summary of Changes to Valuation Allowance Balance (Detail) - Valuation Allowance of Deferred Tax Assets [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Valuation Allowance [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 119,981	$ 96,831	$ 84,356
Additions charged to expense	7,830	20,212	5,215
Other	21,630	2,938	7,260
Balance at end of year	$ 149,441	$ 119,981	$ 96,831

Income Taxes - Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards (Detail) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Foreign general business credits and loss carryforwards, expiration year	2023-Indefinite
U.S. foreign tax credits, expiration year	2027
U.S. foreign tax credits	$ 3,227
Total operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	88,410
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Credits and loss carryforwards	$ 19,428
General Business Tax Credit Carryforward [Member]
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
U.S. general business credits and loss carryforwards, expiration year	2023-Indefinite
Credits and loss carryforwards	$ 65,755

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits-January 1	$ 16,376	$ 8,310	$ 12,114
Additions (reductions) for tax positions of current period	50	1,042	209
Additions for tax positions of prior periods	13,910	8,983	1,849
Reductions for tax positions of prior periods	(1,334)	(1,934)	(5,862)
Reductions due to statute of limitations	(25)	(25)	0
Unrecognized tax benefits—December 31	$ 28,977	$ 16,376	$ 8,310

Net Loss Per Share - Computation of Numerators and Denominators Used in Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share Amounts (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (43,429)	$ (8,794)	$ (10,500)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic loss per share — weighted average shares	79,472	76,179	73,241
Denominator for dilutive loss per share	79,472	76,179	73,241
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic	$ (0.55)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.14)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted	$ (0.55)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.14)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Anti-dilutive Shares Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Detail) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	5,919	4,980	3,123
Stock Options and ESPP [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	961	3,425	3,123
Convertible Shares [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	4,958	1,555	0

Net Loss Per Share - Additional Information (Detail)	Jun. 30, 2019 $ / shares
Class A Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member]
Earnings Per Share Basic [Line Items]
Debt instrument convertible initial conversion price per share of common stock	$ 46.50

Retirement Benefits - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Funded percentage	80.00%
Defined Benefit Plan, Contributions by Employer	$ 1,600	$ 1,600	$ 1,600
Net benefit cost	2,500	3,000	2,700
Benefit obligation benefits paid	700	400	$ 500
Accumulated benefit obligation	10,100	10,000
Defined benefit plan, benefit obligation	$ 13,103	$ 15,736

Retirement Benefits - Schedule of Pension Benefits Obligation (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Pension Plan [Abstract]
Other long-term assets	$ 127	$ 0
Accrued compensation and benefits	957	650
Other long-term liabilities	12,273	15,086
Components of pension benefits	$ 13,103	$ 15,736

Retirement Benefits - Schedule of Estimated Future Benefit Payments (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment [Abstract]
December 31, 2023	$ 1,018
December 31, 2024	731
December 31, 2025	792
December 31, 2026	1,274
December 31, 2027	1,219
Next five years	$ 5,627

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 613,197	$ 378,586	$ 354,707
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	(23,997)	(7,056)	7,281
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,253)	1,199	(858)
Tax effects	308	(296)	308
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(21,052)	(6,153)	6,731
Ending balance	569,736	613,197	378,586
Foreign Currency Translation [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(6,400)	854	(6,928)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	(24,084)	(7,254)	7,782
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(24,084)	(7,254)	7,782
Ending balance	(30,484)	(6,400)	854
Retirement Related Benefit Plans [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(2,550)	(3,651)	(2,600)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	87	198	(501)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,253)	1,199	(858)
Tax effects	308	(296)	308
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	3,032	1,101	(1,051)
Ending balance	(482)	(2,550)	(3,651)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(8,950)	(2,797)	(9,528)
Ending balance	$ (30,002)	$ (8,950)	$ (2,797)

- Definition

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).

+ References

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- Definition

Amount of tax expense (benefit) allocated to other comprehensive income (loss).

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- Definition

Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 03, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2016
Software and Other [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Royalty fees		$ 11.7	$ 10.9	$ 10.4
NC Judgement [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss contingency damages awarded value					$ 79.1
Outstanding loss contingency damages paid	$ 65.9

Commitments and Contingencies - Future Purchase Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 23,570
2024	7,370
2025	5,152
2026	1,929
2027	300
Total	$ 38,321

Segment Information - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
Segment Information - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2022 Segment Customer	Dec. 31, 2021 Customer	Dec. 31, 2020 Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| Segment	2
Number of individual customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue \| Customer	0	0	0
Product Concentration Risk [Member] \| Sales Revenue, Net [Member] \| Automotive Industry [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Concentration of credit risk, percentage	29.00%	33.00%	36.00%

Segment Information - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	$ 572,221	$ 532,179	$ 469,921
Adjusted EBITDA	108,600	85,253	57,288
Software [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	537,169	485,569	418,165
Adjusted EBITDA	107,638	82,845	53,820
CES [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	28,883	39,282	44,320
Adjusted EBITDA	2,576	4,723	5,129
All Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	6,169	7,328	7,436
Adjusted EBITDA	$ (1,614)	$ (2,315)	$ (1,661)

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Segment Information - Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes to Adjusted EBITDA (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 108,600,000	$ 85,253,000	$ 57,288,000
Stock-based compensation expense	(84,787,000)	(44,549,000)	(21,355,000)
Interest expense	(4,377,000)	(12,065,000)	(11,598,000)
Depreciation and amortization	(35,504,000)	(25,644,000)	(23,806,000)
Restructuring expense	0	(5,053,000)	0
Special adjustments, interest income and other	(12,145,000)	1,770,000	1,503,000
(Loss) income before income taxes	$ (28,213,000)	$ (288,000)	$ 2,032,000

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Segment Information - Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes to Adjusted EBITDA (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Currency losses on acquisition-related intercompany loans	$ 6,800
Gain On Mark To Market Adjustment Of Contingent Consideration	(7,153)	$ 0	$ 0
Interest income	4,100
Proceeds from settlements related to historical acquisition			1,000
Severance expense			$ 600
Currency gains on acquisition-related intercompany loans		$ 1,200
World Programming [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gain On Mark To Market Adjustment Of Contingent Consideration	7,200
Convertible Senior Notes Due in 2024 [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Fair value expense recognized	$ 16,600

Segment Information - Summary of Sales to External Customers and Long-Lived Assets by Geographical Areas (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	$ 572,221	$ 532,179	$ 469,921
Long Lived Assets	134,700	128,635
United States [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	274,635	259,344	233,611
Long Lived Assets	56,853	54,559
Other American Countries [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	13,425	12,249	12,127
Long Lived Assets	5,841	8,777
Americas [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	288,060	271,593	245,738
Long Lived Assets	62,694	63,336
Germany [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	51,495	52,227	48,559
Long Lived Assets	25,332	7,212
France [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	19,442	19,694	15,287
Long Lived Assets	740	1,155
Other Europe, Middle East and Africa Countries [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	69,769	52,264	49,403
Long Lived Assets	39,405	48,474
Europe Middle East And Africa [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	140,706	124,185	113,249
Long Lived Assets	65,477	56,841
Japan [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	40,335	42,322	41,109
Long Lived Assets	944	1,346
Other Asia Pacific Countries [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	103,120	94,079	69,825
Long Lived Assets	5,585	7,112
Asia Pacific [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax	143,455	136,401	$ 110,934
Long Lived Assets	$ 6,529	$ 8,458